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10th grade > History Final Sem 1 > Flashcards

History Final Sem 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is gov ruled by 1 absolute leader (king or queen)

A

Monarchy

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2
Q

Gov ruled by ppl is

A

Democracy

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3
Q

Gov ruled by few ppl

A

Oligarchy

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4
Q

Who was Caesar’s adopted son and successor

A

Octavian Augustus

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5
Q

Peace of Augustus
Pax romana lasted for how long

A

200 yrs

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6
Q

After Julius Caesar captured Italy, he became

A

Dictator

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7
Q

Emperor who divided Rome in 2 - Eat and west believing it would be easier to run was

A

Constantine

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8
Q

Who was the first emperor of the Roman Empire

A

Caesar Augustus

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9
Q

Which is a form of gov in which people elect leaders

A

Republic

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10
Q

What is black death

A

Bubonic plague

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11
Q

What was impact of black death on Euruope

A

Killed half of europe

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12
Q

What is chivalry

A

Set of behaviors toward knightly opponents

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13
Q

What was impact of renaissance on Europe

A

Led to Europe’s rebirth

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14
Q

What were some of the challenges faced by ppl in Europe during 14th and 15th centuries

A

Murder, violence, war, sickness, anything bad

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15
Q

What was Great Schism and how did it affect the church

A

Split in Catholic church

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16
Q

What were the 3 advantages that made Italy birthplace of Renaissance

A

Wealthy merchant class
Classical heritage
Thriving cities

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17
Q

A person who gives financial or other support to a person/artist, organization, cause or activity is

A

Patron

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18
Q

What were characteristics of Renaissance period

A

Creation of non-religious themes, Greco Roman learning, revival of art and literature

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19
Q

What does Renaissance mean

A

Rebirth

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20
Q

What is secularism

A

Having no religious or spiritual bias

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21
Q

Which city state was epicenter of Italian Renaissance

A

Florence

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22
Q

What was 1st book to be printed on printing press

A

Bible

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23
Q

What were indulgences

A

Pardons for sin

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24
Q

What are core teachings of Martin Luther

A

Faith in God alone
Bible is authority
People don’t need priests to interpret Bible

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25
Q

Why is reformation considered significant in European history

A

Widespread political change
Protestantism
Challenges Catholic church

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26
Q

What were reasons for England’s break from Catholic church

A

King wanted divorce

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27
Q

How did church respond to luther’s teachings

A

They threatened him and then excommunicated him

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28
Q

How do beliefs of Lutheranism differ from those of Catholic church

A

Catholics: Salvation by good works
Lutherans: Salvation through faith, reject pope

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29
Q

What was the main teaching of John Calvin regarding salvation

A

Predestination

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30
Q

What were goals of Catholic Counter Reformation

A

To have more spiritual outlook, combat heresy, to define catholic doctrine

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31
Q

What belief was shared by all important scientists of Scientific Revolution

A

Truth is only achievable through process of inquiry and observation

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32
Q

What did Francis Bacon stress, which helped to develop scientific method

A

Experimentation and observation

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33
Q

Lous XIV built ___________ where he lived

A

Palace of Veresailles

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34
Q

Peter the Great ruled over

A

Russia

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35
Q

“The prince (king) is not regarded as a private person; he is a public personage, all the state is in him; the will of all the people is included in his. As all perfection and all strength are united in God, so all the power of individuals is united in (his) person.”
According to Bossuet, what is the role of the king?

A

To rule with complete authority

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36
Q

How did Henry IV help reunite France after years of fighting between Catholics and Hunguenots

A

Converted to Catholicism

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37
Q

What best describes Peter the Great’s approach to westernization

A

He was autocrat and forced them

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38
Q

Who was called the Sun King

A

Louis XIV

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39
Q

Which absolute monarch emphasized military power in Prussia

A

Fredrich the Great

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40
Q

Who was the Spanish king who sent the Spanish armada to England

A

Philip II

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41
Q

Catherine the Great built on Peter the Great’s accomplishments by

A

Education
Industry
Expansion

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42
Q

Why did James I not want to work with Parliament

A

He was absolute monarch

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43
Q

What was significance of Long Parliament

A

Led to English Civil war

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44
Q

Who was leader of Roundheads in English Civil war

A

Oliver Cromwell

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45
Q

What was purpose of petition of right

A

to limit power of king

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46
Q

Who abolished English monarchy after civil war

A

Oliver Cromwell

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47
Q

When William and Mary took over in England it began

A

England became monarchy

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48
Q

What was the impact of English bill of rights on development of democracy in England

A

Gave Parliament essential powers independent of monarchy

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49
Q

Why would European rulers have thought that the effect of English Bill of Rights on English monarchy was radical

A

Absolute monarchs don’t share power

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50
Q

What concept was belief in divine right used to support

A

Absolute monarchy

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51
Q

Who did Glorious Revolution bring to England’s throne

A

William and Mary

52
Q

What did the restoration restore to power in England

A

Monarchy

53
Q

How did the power of king change after English Civil War and Glorious Revolution

A

King partnered with parliament

54
Q

How did Scientific Revolution lead to enlightenment

A

Encourage people to use reason to solve problems

55
Q

What was Montesquieu’s influence on US Constitution

A

Separation of powers

56
Q

John Locke believed that life, liberty, and property were all

A

Natural rights

57
Q

Which Enlightenment writer advocated for women’s rights

A

Mary Wollenstonecraft

58
Q

Enlightenment thinkers questioned

A

Traditional authority

59
Q

Goal of enlightenment writers was to limit gov from interfering with

A

right of people

60
Q

Major concept promoted by philosophers of Enlightenment was need for use of

A

Reason for rational and logical thinking

61
Q

Locke would say that people have right to

A

Overthrow gov that violates their rights

62
Q

In wealth of Nations, Adam Smith argued that ______________________ should regulate business activity

A

Free market

63
Q

Which Enlightenment philosophers influenced writing of Declaration of Independence

A

John Locke’

64
Q

What is the concept that all gov power ultimately derives from consent of people being governed

A

Popular sovereignty

65
Q

Enlightenment took influence from

A

Scientific revolution

66
Q

Declaration of Independence stated that govs were formed to protect

A

Each individual’s natural rights

67
Q

Key component of US gov under constitution is

A

Separation of powers among different branches of gov

68
Q

Which doc directly challenged authority of Britain’s King George III

A

Declaration of Independence

69
Q

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness…”
-The Declaration of Independence
Which Enlightenment thinker most directly influenced the idea expressed in this passage?

A

John Locke

70
Q

“I may not agree with a word you have to say but I will fight to my death for your right to say it” is a quote that illustrates Freedom of

A

Speech

71
Q

Slogan of French Revolution

A

Liberty, equality, fraternity

72
Q

Attack on this building to steal weapons started French Rev

A

Bastille

73
Q

What ways did Directory maintain changes that had taken place during French Rev

A

Governed without king

74
Q

What groups in France would have been least likely to support reign of terror

A

Emigres

75
Q

How did France’s radical revolutionaries try to protect the revolution

A

Enemies treated harshly

76
Q

How did France’s social divisions in late 1700s contribute to French Rev

A

3rd estate mad because inequalities

77
Q

Why was the storming of the Bastille on July 14,1789, an important event in the French Revolution

A

Challenged King’s authority

78
Q

What was Committee of public safety? How much power did they have

A

Led France
Absolute power

79
Q

How did directory’s actions ultimately lead to rise of Napoleon Bonaparte

A

Weak and corrupt

80
Q

Napoleonic code was reform of France’s

A

Legal system

81
Q

Frances gov according to Constitution of 1791 was

A

Limited monarchy

82
Q

Chief goal of Congress of Vienna was to preserve peace through balance of

A

Preserve peace -> balance of power

83
Q

What are the key facts about 3rd estate given in this class

A

3rd class paid all taxes

84
Q

What groups made up 3 states under France’s old regime

A

Clergy, nobles, commoners

85
Q

What is one way that the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was similar to the Declaration of Independence?

A

Protect individual rights

86
Q

Which goal was most likely to be supported by both poor peasants and wealthy city merchants in the early years of the French Revolution?

A

To end feudal privileges

87
Q

Which man was the leader of the Jacobins and later became the leader of France?

A

Maximilian Robespierre

88
Q

Which country was Napoleon’s biggest enemy?

A

Britain

89
Q

Napoleon appointed his brother, Joseph, to be the king of ________ after they ran the royal family out.

A

Spain

90
Q

The death of _______ ended the Reign of Terror in France.

A

Robespierre

91
Q

When King Louis XVI locked the members of the legislature out of the Estates General, they created their own meeting place and made the

A

Tennis court oath

92
Q

Which group of people met to determine how to divide Europe after Napoleon’s reign ended?

A

Congress of Vienna

93
Q

Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

A

did not rule from the Palace of Versailles until they died

94
Q

Who was the person that began the Reign of Terror.

A

Robespierre

95
Q

What constitution is not still used in France today

A

Constitution of 1791

96
Q

Who were the Bourgeoisie

A

Middle class people who were part of 3rd estate

97
Q

Who were Emigres

A

Nobles who fled France during rev

98
Q

Women who marched on Versailles wanted to

A

Protest rising price of bread not steal it from king

99
Q

1st estate was made up of

A

Clergy who owned 10% of land

100
Q

What are the key reasons that the French people wanted change in the late 1700’s?

A

Classes not equal
Weak leadership
Enlightenment ideas

101
Q

Identify the economic problems during the 1780s in France?

A

Crop failures, high cost of living, pread prices doubled

102
Q

Why did Louis XVI have to call a meeting of the Estates General in 1789

A

To tax 1st and 2nd estate

103
Q

Who were the Sans-Culottes?

A

Working class revolutionaries

104
Q

How did King Louis XVI die?

A

Guillotine

105
Q

What government came after the end of Robespierre’s Reign of Terror?

A

Directory

106
Q

What is Coup d’état?

A

Seizure of gov by military

107
Q

Which country used the Scorched-earth policy to help defeat Napoleon’s army?

A

Russia

108
Q

What did the Napoleonic Code accomplish?

A

Limit speech/press. brought back slavery

109
Q

Napoleon’s greatest work was his Napoleonic Code which did all following except

A

Limited freedom of speech, limited freedom of press, restored slavery to French colonies in Caribbean

110
Q

Eventually, Napoleon became the _______ of France

A

Emporer

111
Q

British and Prussian forces defeated Napoleon for the final time at

A

Waterloo

112
Q

. At the end of it all, France’s was governed by a(n)

A

Absolute monarchy

113
Q

Utopian socialism

A

People live in peaceful cooperative settlements in which they all share in the work and the profits of their labor

114
Q

Pure communism

A

A true classless society

115
Q

Authoritarian socialism

A

The gov owns all of mean of production

116
Q

Utilitarianism

A

Every act of a society should be judged based on usefulness

117
Q

Capitalism

A

Individuals control the factors of production

118
Q

The Industrial Revolution was a change in what ways?

A

Production, gov systems, agriculture

119
Q

The idea of moving crops based on whether they were grain crops or root crops is called

A

Crop rotation

120
Q

This group protected the rights of the workers when they were unhappy with the factory owners.

A

Union

121
Q

City building and the movement of people to cities is called ___________.

A

Urbanization

122
Q

List 3 positives effects and 3 negative effects of the Industrial Revolution

A

Positive:
Increased wealth
Improved standard of living
Increased education
Improved working conditions
New inventions
Foreign markets
Negative:
Poor working conditions
Poor living conditions
Low wages
Child labor
Discrimination against women
Environmental harm
Pollution
Income inequality
Disease and stress

123
Q

List four main causes of the French Revolution

A

Louis XIV and Louis XV compiled a lot of debt through many wars
Louis XVI was a weak leader that was unable to address the debt issues
The estates general had inequalities amongst the estates
Bread prices rose leading to riots

124
Q

In COMPLETE SENTENCES explain how the invention of the printing press impacted the Reformation movement.

A

The Renaissance and Reformation would likely not have occurred without the printing press because the printing press helped to spread new ideas quickly, it led to more people being able to read and write, and it allowed for people to share information. Without the printing press the spread of ideas would have been much slower.

125
Q

In complete sentences, answer the following questions. The Enlightenment and the philosophers of this time greatly influenced developing countries. One of these countries was the United States. Give at least 2 examples of how specific philosophers’ ideas impacted the American government we have today. Make sure to tell who the philosophers were and what their idea was and how it is used in American government.

A

John Locke
Locke introduced the idea that all men have natural rights to life, liberty, and property. These rights are inalienable, meaning they cannot be taken away or constrained by law. The Declaration of Independence was greatly influenced by Locke’s philosophies.
Rousseau
His ideas in Social Contract heavily influenced the Declaration of Independence. He claimed that people would give up unlimited freedom for the security provided by a government, but also that people of the state hold ultimate right to power.

10th grade (71 decks)

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