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10th grade > Chem Ch4 test > Flashcards

Chem Ch4 test Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the very first person to refer to matter as being made of particles?

A

Democritus

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2
Q

What law describes how any sample of water contains 8 g of oxygen for every 1 g of hydrogen?

A

Law of Definite Composition

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3
Q

Whose model was the first to include the different masses of different elements?

A

Dalton’s atomic model

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4
Q

What were the rays of Thomson that he used in his experiment?

A

Cathode rays

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5
Q

An atom has three types of subatomic particles. What are they?

A

Protons, neutrons, electrons

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6
Q

Which of the following subatomic particles has the least mass?

A

Electrons

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7
Q

This guy created a new atomic model because of discoveries made during an alpha particle experiment?

A

Rutherford

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8
Q

Who is credited with the discovery of the neutron?

A

James Chadwick

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9
Q

Who first identified and named the positively charged particle

A

Rutherford

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10
Q

Whose work helped to explain line spectra?

A

Bohr

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11
Q

Who conducted the experiment in which alpha particles were deflected by gold foil?

A

Rutherford

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12
Q

The abbreviation Z represents the number of __________ in an atom.

A

Protons

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13
Q

Because energy levels are ___________, energy emissions come in certain quantities

A

Quantized

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14
Q

Niels Bohr proposed the concept of principal energy levels that he envisioned as a set of circular tracks on which ___________ orbited.

A

Electrons

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15
Q

The __________ states that it is impossible to know both the energy and the exact position of an electron at the same time.

A

Uncertainty principle

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16
Q

Louis de Broglie proposed the _________ nature of electrons

A

Dual; wave particle

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17
Q

This is also known as the “Fingerprint of light” What is it called?

A

Spectrum

18
Q

If two or more protons come together in a nucleus and there is nothing else in the nucleus, what would the protons do?

A

They would repel from each otherbc same charge

19
Q

If two or more neutrons come together in a nucleus and there is nothing else in the nucleus, what would the neutrons do?

A

They just float around bc there are not protons to keep the together

20
Q

Why do neutrons exist?

A

To stabilize the nucleus of an atom

21
Q

The atomic number tells us what about the atom?

A

How many protons (Z), identity of atom

22
Q

You have a Hydrogen atom. It has level 1 sublevel s. The level 1 sublevel s can be occupied by no more than ____ electrons

A

2

23
Q

How are the first four sublevels called and what is the maximum number of electrons that can be in each kind sublevel?

A

S, P, D, F
S- 2
P- 6
D- 10
F- 14

24
Q

Which is largest in size, 4p, 2p or 3p?

A

4p

25
Q

Electrons cannot have the same address in the atom. Is this true or false and who said it?

A

True, Pauli (Exclusion Principle)

26
Q

Which of the following is part of the electron’s address location in an atom?

A

N- energy level (1, 2, 3, 4 distance from nucleus)
L- energy orbital or sublevel (s, p, d, f)
M- how sublevel or orbital is arranged in 3D space
S- Spin (electron spin)

27
Q

An electron has to occupy the _____________ available energy level

A

lowest (Aufbau principle)

28
Q

The element sulfur (16 electrons) has an electron configuration of

A

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4

29
Q

Examine the following orbital notation: 5p6
What does the superscript 6 refer to?

A

How many electrons there are

30
Q

Examine the following orbital notation: 6f 6
What does the letter f refer to?

A

The sublevel/orbital

31
Q

Why does the 4s orbital fill up with electrons before 3d?

A

4s is the level below 3d

32
Q

Bromine (Atomic number = 35) exists naturally as a mixture of bromine-79 and bromine-81 isotopes. An atom of bromine-79 contains

A

44 neutrons

33
Q

The 78 in the isotope of Krypton is made up of
78
K
36

A

Protons and Neutrons

34
Q

The 36 in the isotope of Krypton is made up of
78
K
36

A

Protons

35
Q

How many protons are in this Calcium?
40
C
20

A

20

36
Q

Do isotopes of Carbon have the same number of protons?

A

Yes

37
Q

In the electron dot diagrams, what do the dots around the element’s symbol represent?

A

Valance electrons

38
Q

The minimum number of electrons that surround an atom in an electron dot diagram is:

A

1

39
Q

The maximum number of electrons that surround an atom in an electron dot diagram is

A

8

40
Q

Oxygen-13, Oxygen-14, Oxygen-15 and Oxygen 16 all have the same thing. The one thing they all have is_________.

A

8 protons

41
Q

Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 have the same number of _________ but a different number of

A

Protons, neutrons

42
Q

Electrons will fill a sub level after an electron is already there and it will spin in the __________ direction

A

Opposite (Hund’s rule)

10th grade (71 decks)

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