Bible Final Sem 1 Flashcards
General statistic ab NT
27 books
260 ch
9 authors
Covered 100 yrs
Main sections of NT
Gospel, Acts, Epistles, Revelation
What does it mean the Bible is infallible
Trustworthiness of Bible in fulfilling purpose for which God intended scripture to be written
Western’s statement of faith
We believe the Bible, composed of the Old and New Testaments, is the Word of God, a divine, supernatural, infallible revelation
What documents that inform us ab the silent period
Apocrypha, pseudepigrapha, writings Josephus and Philo, dead sea scrolls
Which nations controlled Israel and when
605 BC Babylon
539 BC Persians
How did Israel increase importance of Jewish Law in their nation
During silent period, Ezra, Nehemiah, & Malachi
Spiritual reformation
What are the three linking elements between the Old and New Testaments?
All of the Bible is God’s Word, God has a unified plan for all of history, predictions and prophecies first and fulfillments later
Define Messiah
Human individual who would come to earth and perform work of deliverance
How does NT fit into Bible as narrative
Portion of narrative of God and humanity that includes redemption/reconciliation
What was Hellenism
Civilization and culture of Ancient Greece, adoption and dissemination of Greek thoughts, customs, and lifestyle
Who spread Hellenism and how
Alexander the Great by being devoted to world domination and spreading Greek culture
What was Alexander the Great’s path to world dominationi
Conquering Persians, Asia Minor and Palestine
Describe why standardized Greek language was so important to Biblical history
Greek became a common language and more people could read God’s Word
What were the Ptolemy and Seleucid Empires and why were they significant to Jewish history?
They were Empires that controlled the Jews. The Ptolemy controlled the Jews for over a decade and during that time, the Septuagint was made and the Seleucid pushed Hellenism and was hostile toward jewish culture
What is the Septuagint and under what ruler was it created?
Greek translation of OT. Ptolemy II
Describe the rule of Antiochus the IV. What were some of the terrible things he did to Israel?
Antiochus the IV was very hostile. His goal was to turn Jerusalem into a Greek city, temple worship forbidden, temple became a shrine for Zeus, have to celebrate heathen festival, sabbath day not allowed to be observed, anyone reading/possessing torah dies and torah burned
How did Mattathias start the Maccabean revolt?
He disobeyed the king, killed Jew who was going to offer sacrifice to pagan god, and destroyed the altar. Actions led to successful revolt which led to independence
What were the two keys to the Maccabean revolts success under Judas? (aka: how did they defeat superior forces?)
Good strategy and religion emphasis
Who was the first official leader of the Hasmonean Empire AFTER Judas gained independence for Israel?
Simon
Which Roman leader came to Jerusalem first? Why did he come? And what did it lead to in Jewish history?
Pompey, civil war in Hasmonean dynasty, leaders asked him to come
Roman rule
Describe the Roman rule of Israel
Political and religious unrest and misunderstanding eventually led to Jews trying to rebel and Rome destroyed the Jerusalem city. Jerusalem and Jews were now under complete and submissive Roman rule
Who is Cyrus King of Persia? Why was he significant and helpful to the Jews?
He was the king that let the Jews back into Israel and rebuilt the temple
How did Malachi help Ezra and Nehemiah?
Built the Jerusalem walls and elevated the Word of God
Who was John Hyrcanus II? How did he gain his position
He’s a leader and priest. Gained by making a treaty with Rome, had good military record
Who entered the temple and angered the Jewish people?
Pompey
Know the difference between Matthew and Luke’s genealogies of Jesus and how they are significant to linking Jesus to some or all people
Matthew: Begins with David
Luke: Goes to Adam
Ultimate redemption and salvation from Christ is for ALL people
What are the English words we can use to help us better understand Hebrew words for prophecy Ro’eh, hozeh
Perceive or perception
What is Protoevangelium? What does it mean? What does it say?
First instant of the Messiah, means first mention of the Good News, it says the chosen one will bruise the heel of the serpent and it will bruise his head
What is example of David and Samuel that we discussed that points to Jesus
Samuel promised throne of David was to be established permanently
What are each of the 3 levels of need for a Messiah and how do they link Christ to you
Israel’s need for a Messiah, prophecies regarding a needed Messiah, theological (global) need of Messiah
Malachi
Helped Nehemiah and Ezra build the Jerusalem walls and elevate the Word of God
Alexander the Great
Spread Hellenism and spreading Greek culture
Herod the Great
The puppet king of the Jews during Jesus’ birth
Antiochus III
Pushed Hellenism through Palestine (Israel)
Ptolemy II
Septuagint was created under his power
Antiochus IV
Very hostile. His goal was to turn Jerusalem into a Greek city
What does the word “Gospel” mean?
The good news
What is an ancient novel like?
Fictional prose narratives emphasizing the themes of love, travel, violence “providing“ edification in an entertaining form
What are the “cons” to the Gospels being history, a novel or a biography?
History: Mentioning world events s limited
Novel: Not fiction, no focus on romantic relationships between man and woman
Biography: Little info on Jesus’ immediate family and education
What are the definitions to the genres we studied
Ancient novel: Fictional prose narratives emphasizing themes of love, travel, violence, providing edification in an entertaining form
History: Historical monographs focused on an important sequence of events during a restricted period of time
Biography: Every detail of a person
What is the genre name that is created for the Gospels?
Proclamation
What is the goal of the gospel writers?
To share a part of who Jesus is
Describe the Synoptic Problem
There seems to be an interrelationship between Matthew, Mark, and Luke
Solutions to the Synoptic Problem
Oral tradition: The apostles and early leaders of the church preached about the works and teachings of Jesus in a fixed form.
Why it could work: Militant memorization always accurate. By the time they were written down they were memorized in detail.
Problems: Doesn’t account for differences between the gospels
Markan priority: Mark is the oldest and is a prototype for the other Gospels.
Problem: There is a identical language that is not in Mark.
Why is works: Though Matt and Luke are different from each other, Mark shares up to 93% with them
Q doc theory: The 2 theory. The need for a 2nd source of sayings also known as Q.
Why it works: Answers the question regarding matching verbiage.
Problem: The “Q” source is yet to be found anywhere
Matthean priority: Introduced by Augustine, based on the canonical order of the Bible.
Why it works: The nearly unanimous testimony of the church until the 19th century was that Matthew was the 1st. Hard to ignore this evidence and see Luke 1.
Problem: If mark is first why does Matthew and Luke have their own matching material
Who are the audiences of the gospels and how did that effect the way they portrayed Jesus in their writings?
Matthew: Jewish people
Mark: Romans
Luke: “Theophilus” and Gentile Christians
John: Everyone
Different perspectives
Theme: Focuses on life and ministry of Jesus and solidify what many already knew
Luke
Theme: The Holy Spirit
Luke
Theme: The powerful deeds of Christ
Mark
Theme: Christ as King
Matthew
Theme: Who is writing to those who need help because they are of low social standing?
Luke
Theme: The Sovereignty of Jesus
John
Theme: Who writes a lot about the gentiles and Samaritans?
Luke
Theme: The Amazing Jesus
Mark