Emphysema

Question 1

Emphysema definiton ?

Answer 1

Destruction of alveolar air sacs

p-90

Question 2

Pathogensis of emphysema ?

Answer 2

=Inflammation =Neutrophil & macrophage = Proteases relases
Alpha-1 antitrypsin neutralize proteases

Question 2

Emphysema causes ?

Answer 2

1. Loss of elastic recoil
2. Collapse of airways
3. Obstructiuon
4. Airway trapping

p-90

Question 3

Cause of emphysema ?

Answer 3

1. Imbalance between Protease & Anti-Proteases

Question 4

Why destruction of alveolar air sacs ?

Answer 4

=Excessive inflammation
=Lack of A1AT

P-90

Question 5

Most common cause of emphysema ?

Answer 5

Smoking

p-90

Question 6

Centiacinar emphysema site ?

Answer 6

upper lobe

p-90

Question 6

Panacinar emphysema site ?

Answer 6

Lower lobe

Question 7

Clinical features of emphysema ?

Answer 7

1. Dyspnea
2. Cough + Minimal sputum
3. Weight loss
4. inc ANt post diameter= Barrel chest
5. Hypoxemia
6. Pink Puffer = Prolonged expiration with pursed lips

p-91

Question 7

Degree of A1AT deficinecy stage ????

Answer 7

1. PiM
2. PiZ
3. PiMZ - HETEROZYGOTES
4. PiZZ - HOMOZYGOTES

P-90

Question 7

Biopsy result of Emphysema ?

Answer 7

Pink
PAS + globules in hepatocytes

Question 7

How liver damage in Emphysema ?

Answer 7

Mutant A1AT accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes
= Liver damage

Question 8

low level of A1AT (most common cause in emphysema ) ????

Answer 8

PiZ

Question 9

Cirrhosis + Panacinar emphysema ????

Answer 9

PiZZ HOMOZYGOTES

P-90

Question 9

E+ Smoking
=dec A1AT ???

Answer 9

PiMZ HETEROZYGOTES

Question 9

Normal allele in Emphysema ?

Answer 9

PiM—–PiMM