Congenital Defects In Heart

Question 1

Time for congenital anomaly?

Answer 1

During Embryogenesis
week = (3-8)

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Question 2

Cause of congenital defects ?

Answer 2

Left to Right / Right to Left shunt

Question 3

Left to Right shunt fate in heart ?

Answer 3

1. inc flow = Pulmonary circulation = Pulmonary hypertrophy of vessels & Pulmonary HTN
2. inc Pulmonary resistance = Late cyanosis = Eisenmenger syndrome

Question 4

VSD association ?

Answer 4

Fatal alchohol syndrome

Question 4

Defect in septum that divides the right and left ventricle ?

Answer 4

Ventricular septal defect
VSD

Question 5

Presentation of VSD ?

Answer 5

1. Left To Right shunt
   =Pulmonary resistance inc
   =Cyanosis
   =Eisenmenger syndrome
   =Right ventricular hypertrophy
   =Polycythemia
   =Clubbing

LV—-RV = RV blood (+) = Pulmonar vein +resistance

Question 6

Most common type of ASD ?

Answer 6

Osteum secundum

Question 6

Ostium primum association?

Answer 6

Down syndrome

Question 7

ASD pathogenesis ?

Answer 7

septum between right & left atrium
=left to right shunt
=right atrium blood +++++
=heart delay closeure of pulmonary valve
=S2split

Question 8

Ductus areteriosus position ?

Answer 8

Between aorta and pulmonary artery

Question 9

Patent ductus asteriosus -PDA

Answer 9

Left to right shunt in ductus arteriosus

Question 9

Complication of ASD ?

Answer 9

Paradoxical emboli

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Question 10

Auscultation result in ASD >?

Answer 10

S2 spliting of pulmonary bulb and aortic bulb

Question 11

Murmur of PDA ?

Answer 11

Machine like

Question 11

Association of PDA ?

Answer 11

Congenital rubella

Question 12

Features of PDA ?

Answer 12

1. Eisenmanger syndrome
2. Lower extremities cyanosis

Question 13

Tx of PDA :?

Answer 13

Indomethacin
=dec PGE2
Close PDA

Question 17

Tetralogy of Fallot ?
Pathogenesis ?

Answer 17

Right to Left shunt
=Stenosis of pulmonary outflow tract
=Override of aorta
=Deoxygenated blood in the systemic circulation

Question 18

Transposition of arteries are associated with —

Answer 18

Maternal diabetes

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Question 18

Transposition of the great vessels are —-

Answer 18

LV - Pulmonary artery
RV - Aorta

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Question 18

Boot shpaed X-ray ?

Answer 18

TOF

Question 18

Presentation of TOF ?

Answer 18

1. VSD
2. Right ventricular hypertrophy
3. Stenosis of RV tract outflow
4. Aorta override VSD

Question 18

Presentation of TPGV ?

Answer 18

1. Early cyanosis
2. Pulmonary and systemic circuits do not mix

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Question 19

Results of TPGV ?

Answer 19

RV =Hypertrophy
LV =Atrophy

Question 20

Single large vessels arising from both ventricles ====?

Answer 20

Trancus arteriosus

Question 21

Trancus asteriosus simple —-

Answer 21

Trancus fails to divide

Question 22

Tricuspid atresia presentation ?

Answer 22

1. Early cyanosis
2. Right to left shunt
3. Associated with ASD

Question 22

Presentation of Truncus Arteriosus ?

Answer 22

RV-Deoxygenated blood & LV-Oxygenated blood = Blood mix
But circulation doesn’t mix

Question 23

Tricuspid valve fails to develop ?

Answer 23

Tricuspid atresia

Question 24

Narrowing of aorta ?

Answer 24

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 25

Types of coarction of the aorta ?

Answer 25

1. Infantile
2. Adult

Question 26

Infantile COA association ?

Answer 26

1. Patent Ductus Arteriosus
2. Turners syndrome

Question 27

Infantile AOC means ?????
Total pathogenesis —

Answer 27

PDA= Proximal = Normal
Distal = Aorta = Coarctation (Distal)

Question 27

Notching rib on X-ray ?

Answer 27

Adult form of COA

Question 28

HTN in upper extremity
& HTN will lower the lower extremity __

Answer 28

Presentation of adult COA