Acute Respiratory Dystress Syndrome ARDS

Question 1

CXR results of ARDS ?

Answer 1

White out

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Question 2

Histo of ARDS ?

Answer 2

Hyaline membranous lining alveoli

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Question 3

Tx of ARDS ??

Answer 3

Ventilation + PEEP
PEEP=Positive end expiratory pressure

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Question 4

Why hyaline membranous lining alveoli ??

Answer 4

1. Leakage of protein riched fluid-Edema
2. Necrotic epithelial cells
   3.

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Question 5

Complication of ARDS ???

Answer 5

1. Interstitial fibrosis
2. Dmaage and loss of pneumocytes-II
3. Scarring
4. Fibrosis

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Question 6

Clinical features of ARDS ??

Answer 6

1. Hypoxemia
2. Cyanosis
3. inc surface tension
4. Respiratory distress

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Question 7

Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome
N-RDS ??

Answer 7

Respiratory distress due to inadequate surfactant levels

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Question 7

Surfactant form which cell ??

Answer 7

Type-II pneumocytes

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Question 8

Surfactant mechanism ??

Answer 8

Surfactant = dec surface tension = prevcent collapse of alveolar air sac after expiration

Question 9

Surfactant component ??

Answer 9

Phosphatidylcholine -lecithin

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Question 10

Lack of surfactant ????

Answer 10

leads to collapse of air sacs and formation of hyaline membrane

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Question 10

Surfactant release time ???

Answer 10

28week
adequate level= 34 weeks

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Question 11

Clinical features of Neonatal RDS ??

Answer 11

1. Hypoxemia
2. Cyanosis
3. Tachypnea
4. Diffuse granulity

Question 12

CXR result of NRDS ??

Answer 12

Ground glass

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Question 12

Screen for lung maturity ??

Answer 12

Amniotic fluid lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio

Question 13

Caesarian section delivery to surfactant ??

Answer 13

Caesarian = Steroid inc = Inc synthesis of surfactant

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Question 13

Phosphatidylcholine lecithin relation to surfactnat ???

Answer 13

P/L inc the level of Surfactant
Sphingomyelin constant

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Question 14

Ratio ?????????? to surfactant ??

Answer 14

L:S ratio > 2
surfactant produced

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Question 14

Maternal diabetes to surfactant ??

Answer 14

Insulin = inc Surfactant

Question 15

Complications of neonatal RDS ??

Answer 15

1. Hypoxemia = PDA + Necrotizing enterocolitis
2. Free radical
3. Retnal injury
4. Bildness
5. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

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Question 16

Major risk factor for ARDS ?

UW

Answer 16

Pancreatitis

Question 17

Clinical features of ARDS >??

UW

Answer 17

1. Hypoxia
2. Bilateral pulmonary infiltrates
3. Pneumonia
4. Sepsis
5. Trauma
6. Pancreatitis

UWorld

Question 17

Why pancreatitis major risk factor for ARDS ??

Answer 17

Release of large amount of inflammatory cytokine & pancreatic emzymes

UW

Question 18

Survivors of ARDS suffered from ?

UW

Answer 18

-dec lung function
-dec diffusion capacity

UWorld

Question 18

Alveoli become lined with waxy hyaline membranes ? why ?

UW

Answer 18

Interstitial & intraalveolar edema , inflammation , fibrin deposition

Question 19

How failure of vascular barrier and Exudative pulmonary edema in ARDS ?

UW

Answer 19

ARDS = Proteases & Reactive O2 species = acute neutrophilic lung inflammation & alveolar damamge ———–P edema

UWorld

Question 20

ARDS cause ?

UWorld

Endothelium related

Answer 20

Injury of the pulmonary epithelium / endothelium
associated with spesis and Pneumonia

Question 20

Cytokine effects in ARDS ??

UW

Answer 20

Cytokines recruit neutrophils to the lung tissue– casue capillary damage & leakage of protein riched fluid in the alveoli

UW