Clinical Uses of Antimicrobials Flashcards
G+ Drugs
PCN G+V Anti-staph PCNs 1st gen Cephalosporins Vanco, Dapto Bacitracin Streptogramins
G- Drugs
Anti-pseudomonal PCNs
Aztreonam
2nd gen Cephalosporins
Aerobic only
Aztreonam
Aminoglycosides
Anaerobic only
Metronidazole
Bactericidal
Aminoglycosides Beta-lactams Fluoroquinolones Metro Vanco Streptogramins
Bacteriostatic
Clindamycin Macrolides Sulfonamides Tetracyclins TMP
Surgical Prophylaxis (>50% infection in untreated)
GI Hysterectomy C-section Joint replacement Open fracture surgery
Renal Elimination
Aminoglycosides Most cephalosporins Fluoroquinolones PCN Sulfonamides Tetracyclines (except Doxy) TMP-SMX Vanco
Hepatic Elimination
Chloramphenicol Clindamycin Clarithromycin Erythromycin Nafcillin
Aminoglycoside effect on Fetus/Neonate
Damage to CN VIII
Tetracycline, Glycylcycline effect on Fetus/Neonate
Tooth enamel dysplasia
Inhibition of bone growth
Sulfonamide effect on Fetus/Neonate
Kernicterus
Chloramphenicol effect on Fetus/Neonate
Gray baby syndrome
Aplastic anemia
Fluoroquinolone effect on Fetus/Neonate
Cartilage damage
Nitrofurantoin effect on Fetus/Neonate
Hemolytic anemia
TMP effect on Fetus/Neonate
Folate deficiency
Clarithromycin effect on Fetus/Neonate
Embryotoxic
Goals of Non-surgical prophylaxis
Prevent CMV, HIV, Influenza, Meningococcemia, TB, bites, chronic bronchitis
Cardiothoracic surgery prophylaxis
Cefazolin
MRSA - Cefazolin + Vanco
Colorectal surgery prophylaxis
Ampicillin
Sulbactam
Vascular surgery prophylaxis
Cefazolin or Cefuroxime
General/Neuro/Ortho surgery prophylaxis
Cefazolin
Cardiothoracic surgery prophylaxis PCN allergy
Vanco
Aztreonam
Colorectal surgery prophylaxis PCN allergy
Ciprofloxacin + Metro or Clindamycin
General/Ortho/Vascular surgery prophylaxis PCN allergy
Vanco
Clindamycin
Neuro surgery prophylaxis PCN allergy
Vanco
Beta-Lactamase G+ MDR
Anti-staph PCN
Beta-Lactamase G+, G- MDR
Carbapenems
Beta-Lactamse G- MDR
Aztreonam
MRSA and enterococci MDR
Vanco
MRSA, enterococci and VRE
Daptomycin
Backup for MDR G+, G-
Tigecycline
MRSA and VRE
Streptogramins
Linezolid
TB, MRSA, Meningitis prophylaxis
Rifampin
Most common cause of C. Diff
Clindamycin
Common causes of C. Diff
Ampicillin/Amoxicillin
Cephalosporins
Fluoroquinolones
Occasionally cause C. Diff
PCN
Erythromycin
TMP
Rarely cause C. Diff
Tetrocycline Metro Vanco Fidaxomicin Aminoglycosides
DOC C. Diff
Metro
C. Diff Tx
Metro
Vanco
Fidaxomicin
Stool infusion
Any empirical Adult Meningitis Tx
Vanco and Ceftriazone (3rd)
Meningitis Prophylaxis
Rifampin
Cipro
Ceftriaxone (IMPORTANT)
Community S. pneumoniae
PCN G
Ceftriaxone
Community N. meningitidis
PCN G
Ceftriaxone
Community H. influenza
Ceftriaxone
Post-traumatic/Surgical S. epidermidis
Vanco
Post-traumatic/Surgical S. aureus
Oxacillin
Post-traumatic/Surgical P. aeruginosa
Ceftazidime + Gentamicin
Post-traumatic/Surgical S. pneumoniae
PCN G
Centriaxone
Immunocompromised Listeria
Ampicillin + Gentamicin
Immunocompromised P. aeruginosa
Ceftazidime + Gentamicin
Immunocompromised S. pneumoniae
Vanco + 3rd gen Cephalosporin
Community PNA healthy
Macrolide
Doxycycline
Community PNA with comorbidities
Resp fluoroquinolones
Beta-lactam + Macrolide
Community PNA inpt non-ICU
Resp fluoroquinolones
Beta-lactam + Macrolide
Community PNA inpt ICU
Beta-lactam with
Azithromycin or Resp Fluoroquinolone
Community PNA inpt ICU PCN allergy
Resp Fluoroquinolone + Aztreonam
Most common cause of Infective Endocarditis
Staph/Strep (viridans)
Infective Endocarditis Native valve (viridans/bovis)
PCN G or Ceftriaxone + Gentamicin
Infective Endocarditis Native valve (viridans/bovis) PCN allergy/MRSA
Vanc or Ceftriaxone + Gentamicin
Infective Endocarditis Native valve (viridans/bovis) with high MIC
Ampicillin/Vanco + Gentamicin
Infective Endocarditis Native valve (staph)
Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Infective Endocarditis Native valve (staph) PCN allergy
Cefazolin
Infective Endocarditis Native valve (staph) resistant
Vanco
Infective Endocarditis Prosthetic valve
Vanco + Gentamicin +/- Rifampin
Infective Endocarditis resistant to Vanco
Linezolid/Dapto
Endocarditis prophylaxis
Oral amoxicillin
Endocarditis prophylaxis PCN allergy
Clindamycin
Cephazolin
Macrolide
Endocarditis prophylaxis IV
Ampicillin
Endocarditis prophylaxis IV PCN allergy
Clindamycin
Cefazolin
DOC Syphilis
PCN G
Syphilis, pregnant, PCN allergy
Desensitization
Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction
Fever, chills, myalgia, tachy
Pretreat with prednisolone and continue PCN
UTI Tx (E. coli)
Cotrimoxazole
Cipro
Nitrofurantoin
Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid
Pregnant + UTI
PCN
Cephalosporins
Nitrofurantoin