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Pharm Midterm 2 > Clinical Uses of Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Clinical Uses of Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

G+ Drugs

A 
PCN G+V
Anti-staph PCNs
1st gen Cephalosporins
Vanco, Dapto
Bacitracin
Streptogramins
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2
Q

G- Drugs

A

Anti-pseudomonal PCNs
Aztreonam
2nd gen Cephalosporins

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3
Q

Aerobic only

A

Aztreonam

Aminoglycosides

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4
Q

Anaerobic only

A

Metronidazole

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5
Q

Bactericidal

A 
Aminoglycosides
Beta-lactams
Fluoroquinolones
Metro
Vanco
Streptogramins
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6
Q

Bacteriostatic

A 
Clindamycin
Macrolides
Sulfonamides
Tetracyclins
TMP
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7
Q

Surgical Prophylaxis (>50% infection in untreated)

A 
GI
Hysterectomy
C-section
Joint replacement
Open fracture surgery
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8
Q

Renal Elimination

A 
Aminoglycosides
Most cephalosporins
Fluoroquinolones
PCN
Sulfonamides
Tetracyclines (except Doxy)
TMP-SMX
Vanco
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9
Q

Hepatic Elimination

A 
Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
Nafcillin
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10
Q

Aminoglycoside effect on Fetus/Neonate

A

Damage to CN VIII

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11
Q

Tetracycline, Glycylcycline effect on Fetus/Neonate

A

Tooth enamel dysplasia

Inhibition of bone growth

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12
Q

Sulfonamide effect on Fetus/Neonate

A

Kernicterus

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13
Q

Chloramphenicol effect on Fetus/Neonate

A

Gray baby syndrome

Aplastic anemia

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14
Q

Fluoroquinolone effect on Fetus/Neonate

A

Cartilage damage

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15
Q

Nitrofurantoin effect on Fetus/Neonate

A

Hemolytic anemia

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16
Q

TMP effect on Fetus/Neonate

A

Folate deficiency

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17
Q

Clarithromycin effect on Fetus/Neonate

A

Embryotoxic

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18
Q

Goals of Non-surgical prophylaxis

A

Prevent CMV, HIV, Influenza, Meningococcemia, TB, bites, chronic bronchitis

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19
Q

Cardiothoracic surgery prophylaxis

A

Cefazolin

MRSA - Cefazolin + Vanco

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20
Q

Colorectal surgery prophylaxis

A

Ampicillin

Sulbactam

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21
Q

Vascular surgery prophylaxis

A

Cefazolin or Cefuroxime

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22
Q

General/Neuro/Ortho surgery prophylaxis

A

Cefazolin

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23
Q

Cardiothoracic surgery prophylaxis PCN allergy

A

Vanco

Aztreonam

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24
Q

Colorectal surgery prophylaxis PCN allergy

A

Ciprofloxacin + Metro or Clindamycin

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25
Q

General/Ortho/Vascular surgery prophylaxis PCN allergy

A

Vanco

Clindamycin

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26
Q

Neuro surgery prophylaxis PCN allergy

A

Vanco

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27
Q

Beta-Lactamase G+ MDR

A

Anti-staph PCN

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28
Q

Beta-Lactamase G+, G- MDR

A

Carbapenems

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29
Q

Beta-Lactamse G- MDR

A

Aztreonam

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30
Q

MRSA and enterococci MDR

A

Vanco

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31
Q

MRSA, enterococci and VRE

A

Daptomycin

32
Q

Backup for MDR G+, G-

A

Tigecycline

33
Q

MRSA and VRE

A

Streptogramins

Linezolid

34
Q

TB, MRSA, Meningitis prophylaxis

A

Rifampin

35
Q

Most common cause of C. Diff

A

Clindamycin

36
Q

Common causes of C. Diff

A

Ampicillin/Amoxicillin
Cephalosporins
Fluoroquinolones

37
Q

Occasionally cause C. Diff

A

PCN
Erythromycin
TMP

38
Q

Rarely cause C. Diff

A 
Tetrocycline
Metro
Vanco
Fidaxomicin
Aminoglycosides
39
Q

DOC C. Diff

A

Metro

40
Q

C. Diff Tx

A

Metro
Vanco
Fidaxomicin
Stool infusion

41
Q

Any empirical Adult Meningitis Tx

A

Vanco and Ceftriazone (3rd)

42
Q

Meningitis Prophylaxis

A

Rifampin
Cipro
Ceftriaxone (IMPORTANT)

43
Q

Community S. pneumoniae

A

PCN G

Ceftriaxone

44
Q

Community N. meningitidis

A

PCN G

Ceftriaxone

45
Q

Community H. influenza

A

Ceftriaxone

46
Q

Post-traumatic/Surgical S. epidermidis

A

Vanco

47
Q

Post-traumatic/Surgical S. aureus

A

Oxacillin

48
Q

Post-traumatic/Surgical P. aeruginosa

A

Ceftazidime + Gentamicin

49
Q

Post-traumatic/Surgical S. pneumoniae

A

PCN G

Centriaxone

50
Q

Immunocompromised Listeria

A

Ampicillin + Gentamicin

51
Q

Immunocompromised P. aeruginosa

A

Ceftazidime + Gentamicin

52
Q

Immunocompromised S. pneumoniae

A

Vanco + 3rd gen Cephalosporin

53
Q

Community PNA healthy

A

Macrolide

Doxycycline

54
Q

Community PNA with comorbidities

A

Resp fluoroquinolones

Beta-lactam + Macrolide

55
Q

Community PNA inpt non-ICU

A

Resp fluoroquinolones

Beta-lactam + Macrolide

56
Q

Community PNA inpt ICU

A

Beta-lactam with

Azithromycin or Resp Fluoroquinolone

57
Q

Community PNA inpt ICU PCN allergy

A

Resp Fluoroquinolone + Aztreonam

58
Q

Most common cause of Infective Endocarditis

A

Staph/Strep (viridans)

59
Q

Infective Endocarditis Native valve (viridans/bovis)

A

PCN G or Ceftriaxone + Gentamicin

60
Q

Infective Endocarditis Native valve (viridans/bovis) PCN allergy/MRSA

A

Vanc or Ceftriaxone + Gentamicin

61
Q

Infective Endocarditis Native valve (viridans/bovis) with high MIC

A

Ampicillin/Vanco + Gentamicin

62
Q

Infective Endocarditis Native valve (staph)

A

Nafcillin

Oxacillin

63
Q

Infective Endocarditis Native valve (staph) PCN allergy

A

Cefazolin

64
Q

Infective Endocarditis Native valve (staph) resistant

A

Vanco

65
Q

Infective Endocarditis Prosthetic valve

A

Vanco + Gentamicin +/- Rifampin

66
Q

Infective Endocarditis resistant to Vanco

A

Linezolid/Dapto

67
Q

Endocarditis prophylaxis

A

Oral amoxicillin

68
Q

Endocarditis prophylaxis PCN allergy

A

Clindamycin
Cephazolin
Macrolide

69
Q

Endocarditis prophylaxis IV

A

Ampicillin

70
Q

Endocarditis prophylaxis IV PCN allergy

A

Clindamycin

Cefazolin

71
Q

DOC Syphilis

A

PCN G

72
Q

Syphilis, pregnant, PCN allergy

A

Desensitization

73
Q

Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction

A

Fever, chills, myalgia, tachy

Pretreat with prednisolone and continue PCN

74
Q

UTI Tx (E. coli)

A

Cotrimoxazole
Cipro
Nitrofurantoin
Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid

75
Q

Pregnant + UTI

A

PCN
Cephalosporins
Nitrofurantoin

Pharm Midterm 2 (52 decks)

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