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Pharm Midterm 2 > Anticancer - Alkylating Agents > Flashcards

Anticancer - Alkylating Agents Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Alkylating agents

A 
Nitrogen mustards
Alkyl sulfonate
Nitrosureas
Triazene
Methylhydrazine
Platinum compounds
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2
Q

What activates Cyclophosphamide

A

Hepatic enzymes

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3
Q

What is the function of Alkylating agents

A

Alkylate N7 of Guanine
Abnormal base pairing with T or excision
Strand breakage
Cell-cycle non-specific

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4
Q

What is the more potent version of Cyclophosphamide

A

Ifosfamide

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5
Q

What is the toxic metabolite of Cyclophosphamide

A

Acrolein

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6
Q

How does Acrolein cause Hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Irritates bladder mucosa

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7
Q

What is given to inactivate Acrolein

A

Mesna

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8
Q

What are the Nitrogen mustards

A 
Cyclophosphamides
Ifosfamide
Chlorambucil
Mechlorethamine
Melphalan
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9
Q

What is the Alkyl sulfonate

A

Busulfan

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10
Q

What are the Nitrosureas

A

Carmustine
Lomustine
Semustine

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11
Q

What is the Methylhydrazine

A

Procarbazine

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12
Q

What are the Platinum compounds

A

Cisplatin
Carboplatin
Oxaliplatin

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13
Q

What are the other Cyclophosphamide AE

A

SIADH
BM/Immuno suppression
N/V, alopecia, gonadal failure

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14
Q

What is the problem with Ifosfamide

A

Higher risk of hemorrhagic cystitis

Pretreat with Mesna every time

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15
Q

What do you give for CLL

A

Chlorambucil

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16
Q

What do you give Mechlorethamine for

A

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

17
Q

What do you give for Multiple Myeloma

A

Melphalan

18
Q

What do you give Busulfan for

A

CML

19
Q

What are the Busulfan AE

A

Pulm fibrosis
Adrenal insufficiency
Skin pigmentation

20
Q

Can Nitrosureas cross the BBB

A

Yes

21
Q

What part of the Nitrosureas do the alkylation

A

Chloroethyl moiety

22
Q

What are Nitrosureas given for

A

Adjuvant for brain tumors (Primary or mets)

23
Q

Nitrosurea AE

A

GI distress
Delayed myelosuppression
CNS dysfunction

24
Q

What activates Dacarbazine

A

Hepatic enzymes

25
Q

What is Dacarbazine given dor

A

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Soft tissue Sarcolemma
Melanoma

26
Q

What are the Dacarbazine AE

A

Myelosuppression

N/V

27
Q

What are the problems with Procarbazine

A

Teratogenic
Mutagenic
Leukemogenic

28
Q

What do you give Procarbazine for

A

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

29
Q

What are the main Procarbazine AE

A

Hemolytic anemia
Pulm effects
Disulfiram-like rxns

30
Q

What are the other Procarbazine AE

A

Myelosuppression
Peripheral neuropathy
N/V

31
Q

Which Platinums are less toxic and emetic but more myelosuppressive

A

Carboplatin

Oxaliplatin

32
Q

What happens when you combine Cisplatin with Amifostine

A

Reduce nephro/oto/neuro toxicity and myelosuppression

33
Q

What do you give Platinums for

A

Solid tumors

NSCLC

34
Q

Platinum AE

A

N/V
Neurotox (peripheral nerve damage and deafness)
Nephrotox

35
Q

What do you give for Platinum Nephrotoxicity

A

Mannitol
NaCl
Amifostine

36
Q

What is the problem with all Alkylating agents

A

Mutagenic

Carcinogenic

37
Q

What do you give for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

A

Dacarbazine

Procarbazine

38
Q

Mechlorethamine AE

A

Blisters

Pharm Midterm 2 (52 decks)

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