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Pharm Midterm 2 > Antihelminthics > Flashcards

Antihelminthics Flashcards

1
Q

What are Nematodes

A

Roundworms

Complete digestive system

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2
Q

What are Trematodes

A

Flatworms

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3
Q

What are Cestodes

A

Flat and segmented

No digestive system so attach to host intestine

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4
Q

What are the Antihelminthics

A 
Albendazole
Mebendazole
Thiabendazole
Ivermectin
Piperazine
Pyrantel pamoate
Diethylcarbamazine
Doxycycline
Praziquantel
Bithionol
Niclosamide
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5
Q

What are the Benzimidazoles

A

Albendazole
Mebendazole
Thiabendazole

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6
Q

Benzimidazoles and pregnancy

A

Category C

Contraindicated

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7
Q

Which Antihelmenthics inhibit MT synth and glucose uptake

A

Albendazole

Mebendazole

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8
Q

Which Antihelminthic inhibits MT aggregation

A

Thiabendazole

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9
Q

Which Antihelminthics are GABA agonists

A

Ivermectin

Piperazine

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10
Q

Which Antihelminthic is a depolarizing parasite Neuromuscular blocker

A

Pyrantel pamoate

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11
Q

What do you give for cestodes

A

Albendazole

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12
Q

What are cestodes that Albendazole can kill

A

Cysticercosis
Taenia solium
Visceral larva migrans
Echinococcus granulosis

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13
Q

What can happen when you treat with Albendazole

A

Dying parasites ignite an inflammatory response in the CNS

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14
Q

How do you enhance Albendazole absorption

A

Give with high fat meals

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15
Q

What are the Albendazole AE

A

HA, nausea
Hepatotoxicity
Agranulocytosis
Pancytopenia

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16
Q

What does Mebendazole act on

A

Whipworm [Trichuris trichiura]
Pinworm [Enterobius vermicularis]
Hookworms [N.americanus, A. duodenale]
Roundworm [Ascariasis lumbricoides]

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17
Q

How do you improve Mebendazole absorption

A

High fat meal

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18
Q

When should you use Mebendazole with caution

A

Cirrhosis

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19
Q

What are the Mebendazole AE

A

Abd pain
Diarrhea
HA
Dizziness

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20
Q

What is the most toxic Benzimidazole

A

Thiabendazole

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21
Q

What do you use Thiabendazole for

A

Threadworm (Strongyloides)
CLM
Early trichinosis

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22
Q

How do you improve Thiabendazole absorption

A

High fat meal

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23
Q

What are the Thiabendazole AE

A

Dizziness/Seizures
Erythemia multiforme
Stevens-Johnson

24
Q

Hoe does Ivermectin work

A

Cl- influx

Hyperpol muscle/nerve

25
What is Ivermectin DOC for
Onchocerca volvulus (river blindness) CLM Strongyloides
26
Does Ivermectin cross BBB
No
27
What must you avoid with Ivermectin
Other GABAergics
28
What is the main Ivermectin AE
Mazotti-like reaction
29
What is the Mazzotti-like reaction
Fever Dizziness Somnolence Hypotension
30
What are the Ivermectin contraindications
Pregnancy | Meningitis
31
What is Piperazine used for
Alternative for pinworm, roundworm
32
When is Piperazine contraindicated
Seizure disorders
33
What is Pyrantel pamoate given for
Roundworm Pinworm Hookworm
34
Pyrantel pamoate AE
N/V/D
35
DOC lymphatic filariasis, loiasis, tropical EOS
Diethylcarbamazine
36
DOC sheep liver fluke (fasciola hepatica)
Bithionol
37
DOC Schistocomiasis
Praziquantel
38
How does Diethylcarbamazine work
Immobilize microfilariae rendering them susceptible to host defenses
39
What do you coadminister Diethylcarbamazine with
Antihistamines or Steroids
40
What are the Diethylcarbamazine AE
Fever, myalgia, rash, leukocytosis
41
Which antihelminthic is a Tetracycline
Doxycycline
42
What is Doxycycline used for
Wuchereria bancrofti | Onchocerciasis
43
How does Praziquantel work
Increased Ca permeability Muscle paralysis Vessel detachment
44
What else does Praziquantel work on
Trematodes: C. sinensis ,P. westermani Cestodes: D. latum, T. solium, Saginata
45
What is the DOC for cysticercosis (T. solium)
Albendazole
46
Where is Praziquantel excreted
Urine and bile
47
When is Praziquantel contraindicated
Pregnancy | Ocular cysticercosis
48
What are the Praziquantel AE
Drowsiness, Dizziness Malaise, anorexia P450 interactions
49
Which Antihelminthic inhibits parasitic ETC
Bithionol
50
What is the alternative Tx for pulmonary paragonimiasis
Bithionol
51
How does Niclosamide work
Inhibit mito ADP phosphorylation
52
What is the 2nd line for cestodes
Niclosamide
53
What is Niclosamide lethal to
Scolex not ova
54
What do you pretreat with for Niclosamide
Laxative to get rid of the ova
55
What should you avoid with Niclosamide
Alcohol for 1 day

Pharm Midterm 2 (52 decks)

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