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Pharm Midterm 2 > Antihelminthics > Flashcards

Antihelminthics Flashcards

1
Q

What are Nematodes

A

Roundworms

Complete digestive system

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2
Q

What are Trematodes

A

Flatworms

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3
Q

What are Cestodes

A

Flat and segmented

No digestive system so attach to host intestine

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4
Q

What are the Antihelminthics

A 
Albendazole
Mebendazole
Thiabendazole
Ivermectin
Piperazine
Pyrantel pamoate
Diethylcarbamazine
Doxycycline
Praziquantel
Bithionol
Niclosamide
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5
Q

What are the Benzimidazoles

A

Albendazole
Mebendazole
Thiabendazole

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6
Q

Benzimidazoles and pregnancy

A

Category C

Contraindicated

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7
Q

Which Antihelmenthics inhibit MT synth and glucose uptake

A

Albendazole

Mebendazole

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8
Q

Which Antihelminthic inhibits MT aggregation

A

Thiabendazole

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9
Q

Which Antihelminthics are GABA agonists

A

Ivermectin

Piperazine

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10
Q

Which Antihelminthic is a depolarizing parasite Neuromuscular blocker

A

Pyrantel pamoate

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11
Q

What do you give for cestodes

A

Albendazole

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12
Q

What are cestodes that Albendazole can kill

A

Cysticercosis
Taenia solium
Visceral larva migrans
Echinococcus granulosis

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13
Q

What can happen when you treat with Albendazole

A

Dying parasites ignite an inflammatory response in the CNS

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14
Q

How do you enhance Albendazole absorption

A

Give with high fat meals

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15
Q

What are the Albendazole AE

A

HA, nausea
Hepatotoxicity
Agranulocytosis
Pancytopenia

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16
Q

What does Mebendazole act on

A

Whipworm [Trichuris trichiura]
Pinworm [Enterobius vermicularis]
Hookworms [N.americanus, A. duodenale]
Roundworm [Ascariasis lumbricoides]

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17
Q

How do you improve Mebendazole absorption

A

High fat meal

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18
Q

When should you use Mebendazole with caution

A

Cirrhosis

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19
Q

What are the Mebendazole AE

A

Abd pain
Diarrhea
HA
Dizziness

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20
Q

What is the most toxic Benzimidazole

A

Thiabendazole

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21
Q

What do you use Thiabendazole for

A

Threadworm (Strongyloides)
CLM
Early trichinosis

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22
Q

How do you improve Thiabendazole absorption

A

High fat meal

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23
Q

What are the Thiabendazole AE

A

Dizziness/Seizures
Erythemia multiforme
Stevens-Johnson

24
Q

Hoe does Ivermectin work

A

Cl- influx

Hyperpol muscle/nerve

25
Q

What is Ivermectin DOC for

A

Onchocerca volvulus (river blindness)
CLM
Strongyloides

26
Q

Does Ivermectin cross BBB

27
Q

What must you avoid with Ivermectin

A

Other GABAergics

28
Q

What is the main Ivermectin AE

A

Mazotti-like reaction

29
Q

What is the Mazzotti-like reaction

A

Fever
Dizziness
Somnolence
Hypotension

30
Q

What are the Ivermectin contraindications

A

Pregnancy

Meningitis

31
Q

What is Piperazine used for

A

Alternative for pinworm, roundworm

32
Q

When is Piperazine contraindicated

A

Seizure disorders

33
Q

What is Pyrantel pamoate given for

A

Roundworm
Pinworm
Hookworm

34
Q

Pyrantel pamoate AE

35
Q

DOC lymphatic filariasis, loiasis, tropical EOS

A

Diethylcarbamazine

36
Q

DOC sheep liver fluke (fasciola hepatica)

37
Q

DOC Schistocomiasis

A

Praziquantel

38
Q

How does Diethylcarbamazine work

A

Immobilize microfilariae rendering them susceptible to host defenses

39
Q

What do you coadminister Diethylcarbamazine with

A

Antihistamines or Steroids

40
Q

What are the Diethylcarbamazine AE

A

Fever, myalgia, rash, leukocytosis

41
Q

Which antihelminthic is a Tetracycline

A

Doxycycline

42
Q

What is Doxycycline used for

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

Onchocerciasis

43
Q

How does Praziquantel work

A

Increased Ca permeability
Muscle paralysis
Vessel detachment

44
Q

What else does Praziquantel work on

A

Trematodes: C. sinensis ,P. westermani
Cestodes: D. latum, T. solium, Saginata

45
Q

What is the DOC for cysticercosis (T. solium)

A

Albendazole

46
Q

Where is Praziquantel excreted

A

Urine and bile

47
Q

When is Praziquantel contraindicated

A

Pregnancy

Ocular cysticercosis

48
Q

What are the Praziquantel AE

A

Drowsiness, Dizziness
Malaise, anorexia
P450 interactions

49
Q

Which Antihelminthic inhibits parasitic ETC

50
Q

What is the alternative Tx for pulmonary paragonimiasis

51
Q

How does Niclosamide work

A

Inhibit mito ADP phosphorylation

52
Q

What is the 2nd line for cestodes

A

Niclosamide

53
Q

What is Niclosamide lethal to

A

Scolex not ova

54
Q

What do you pretreat with for Niclosamide

A

Laxative to get rid of the ova

55
Q

What should you avoid with Niclosamide

A

Alcohol for 1 day

Pharm Midterm 2 (52 decks)

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