4.4.1 Menopause Flashcards
What can help reduce the risk for VTE due to ERT?
Route of admission.
Transdermal reduces risk as compared to oral
What can reduce the risk for osteoporosis?
BMI under 30, current estrogen use, alcohol use (>14 drinks/wk), former estrogen use, regular exercise
What do the T and Z scores measure?
Both measure bone density. T score is compared to young adults. Z score is compared to people of same age, sex, and race.
What is the best way to treat hot flashes?
Estrogen replacement therapy (takes 2-3 wks to kick in)
What are some of the different hormone replacements of estrogen?
What occur in 75% of menopause patients often causing them to seek medical attention?
Hot flashes
How does estrogen affect various components of atherosclerosis?
Estrogen reduces atherosclerosis
Estrogen has adverse effects on established plaques and CHD
What can lead to irregular bleeding?
Anovulatory cycles
What is menopause?
Permanent cessation of menstruation due to the loss of ovarian follicular activity
What are the stages of a hot flash?
Normal temp
Slightly elevated temp
Quite elevated temp
Sub-nomral temp
How does ERT/HRT effect lipids?
HDL: increase
LDL: decrease
Triglycerides: increased
What are some risk factors for osteoporosis?
Current cortisone use, current and former smoking, maternal history of fracture
What are some ways to treat/modulate hot flashes of menopause?
What are some of the various ways that the GU atrophies during/after menopause?
Epithelial thinning
Decreased vaginal lubrication
Decreased blood flow
Increased susceptibilty to infection
What racial group is at most risk for hot flashes? Least risk?
Most: AA
Least: Chinese/Japense
How is age of menopause changing as life expectancy is increasing?
What are some ways to manage osteoporosis?
What happens to FSH levels after menopause?
Rise above 30
What are some potential medical conditions that occur as a result of unopposed estrogen?
Endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma
What are the 7 dwarfs of menopause?
Itchy, bitchy, sweaty, bloaty, sleepy, forgetful, psycho
What happens to estrogen, progesterone and androgen levels after menopause? Why?
All decrease b/c of ovarian follicular depletion
What are some of the hormone replacements for progestins?
What is the ACOG recommendation for ERT?
Lowest effective dose for the shortest duration
What are some indicators/possible causes of premature ovarian failure?
What % of women experience menopause prior to age 40?
1%
Which gender is better at surviving bone fractures?
Women
How should estrogen be replaced in pre-menopausal (reproductive year) woman? post-menopausal?
Reproductive: Estradiol
Menopausal: Estrone
What is peri-menstruation?
Period of waning ovarian function. Time from onset of menopausal symptoms to one year after the final menstrual period
What sexual conditions are increased as a result of menopause (decreased estrogen)?
Vaginal dryness, Dyspareunia (frequency/intensity), Pain w/ penetration, Burning
Whats the difference b/t cohorts and cohort studies?
What happens to bone loss over time in women?
Menopause causes a period of increased bone loss
What are the various symptoms that occur as estrogen declines?
