1.2.1 Bladder and Internal Male Organs Flashcards
Trigone is known as?
What are the bladder location characteristics in males?
What is micturition?
What is benign prostate hypertrophy?
Hypertrophy of the prostate associated with increased difficulty of passage of urine
What are the covered parts?
Internal urethral sphincter is mainly innervated by?
External?
What type of muscle is the bladder and is known as?
Smooth muscle
Knows as detrusor muscle
Ureter pain is brough along what nerves and goes into the vertebrae at what level?
General visceral afferent fibers that go in at T11-L1
What are the characteristics of the Vas Deferens?
Describe the innervation of the bladder.
Parasympathetic ‑ (S2, 3, 4) ‑ pelvic splanchnic nerves ‑ innervate mainly the detrusor muscle. (via the inferior hypogastric plexus)
Sympathetic ‑ (T11, L1, 2) ‑ vesicle nerve plexus ‑ innervate mainly the internal urethral (= vesicle) sphincter (smooth muscle) (via the superior hypogastric plexus). There is some sympathetic innervation of the detrusor muscle, which inhibits parasympathetic innervation, thus allowing the bladder smooth muscle to relax and fill with urine.
The internal urethral sphincter functions to keep urine in the bladder. In males the internal urethral sphincter is important in also preventing the retroejaculation, that is the passage of sperm into the bladder rather than out the penis.
The external (skeletal muscle) urinary sphincter is under learned, voluntary control (at the urogenital diaphragm). This external urethral sphincter is formed by the compressor urethra muscle in both male and females and the urethrovaginal sphincter muscle in females. These muscles are innervated by the pudendal nerve. There is normally some tonic alpha-motor neuron discharge normally keeping the external urethral sphincter skeletal muscle closed. Urination (voiding) requires the parasympathetic nervous system to discharge, causing contraction of the detrestor smooth muscle opening both the internal urethral sphincter and external skeletal muscle sphincter.
How does the development of the testis relate to the kidney?
The Testis passes over the kidney as it descends, while the kidney rises
What are the covered parts?
What are the covered parts?
What are the covered parts?
What is urge incontinence or overactive bladder?
Draw a picture of the innervation of the bladder
By age 6 in development what happens to the bladder?
It is located in the greater pelvis. It recedes into the pelvis and leaves behind the median umbilical fold over the urachus. By puberty it should lie in the true pelvis
What are some of the pathologies associated with improper migration of the bladder?
What is exstrophy of the bladder?
What is stress incontinence?
What are the covered parts?
What are the characteristics of the prostate gland?
Pelvic splanchnic nerves are?
Sacral splanchnic nerves are?
Pelvic - parasympathetic
Sacral - sympathetic
What is a digital rectal exam?
Where are the 3 locations that kidney stones tend to lodge?
1 - The junction of the renal pelvis and ureter
2 - As the ureters cross the pelvic brim and iliac vessels
3 - As the ureters pass obliquely into the bladder
What type of valve is the ureterovesicle junction?
One way valve
What are the covered parts?
What are the characteristics of the seminal vesicles?
What do seminal vesicles secrete?
What are the 4 controlling factors that allow the flow of urine?
What are the covered parts
What are the characteristics of kidney stones?
What is overflow or outflow incontinence?
The junction of the ureter and the bladder is known as?
Ureterovesical junction
What are the important fossa in the pelvic cavity?
What is the blood supply to the bladder?
What are the covered parts?
What are other bladder problems?
What are some of the important pouches in the pelvis?
What are the characteristics of the urethral sphincters?
