1.3.1 Development of the Reproductive Systems Flashcards
How does the broad ligament form?
The fusion of the paramesonephric ducts from each side bring together peritoneal folds which unite and form the future broad ligament at the midline
What is the phenotypic sex?
7th embyronic week through birth and into puberty
Describe the signaling pathway between males and females
What is genetic sex?
This is the genetic sex (XX vs XY) of the offspring and is determined at fertilization
What is an important hormone in the migration of the testis?
Insulin-like growth factor 3 produced by Leydig cells
The prostate gland forms from?
Urogenital sinus endoderm
What is androgen insensitivity syndrome?
What helps to move the testis through the inguinal canal?
Fetal hiccups or uterine contraction (increases in intraabdominal pressure)
Describe the steroid production by the fetal ovary?
There is very little steroid production by the fetal ovary and it is not necessary for development of the female structures or genitalia
What forms the distal 1/5th of the vagina?
Sinovaginal bulbs
The Wolffian duct forms?
Epididymis, Vas deferens, ejactulatory duct and seminal vesicles
What are some vestigial structures formed from Urogenital ducts?
What will happen to oocytes if they are not surrounded by mesenchyme?
Undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis)
Testosterone rescues what structures?
Mesonephric ducts
What is congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
Sertoli cells along with primordial germ cells will form?
These are the precursors to seminiferous tubules
What is cryptorchidism?
Fill in this chart
In males after primordial germ cells migrate to gonadal ridge the mesenchyme migrates around it and forms what?
Sertoli cells
What is Turner’s syndrome?
Females having only one X chromosome - typically sterile
What are the 3 cell types that the indifferent gonads develop from?
Coelomic epithelium - future peritoneal cavity lining cells
Underlying mesenchyme from intermediate mesoderm - mesonephros
Primordial germ cells
What is klinefelter’s syndrome?
These patients have an extra X chromosome in men - normal penis but small testicles since spermatogenesis is ususally not functional with an extra X chromosome
The cloaca is made up of what two chambers?
Urogenital sinus
The rectum that is connected to GI tract
What is gonadal sex?
Determined by about the 6th week of development -formation of the testis under the influence of the SRY gene
What is hypospadias?
Anti-Mullerian-Hormone is be thought as a reflection of?
The size of the primordial follicle pool
What are primordial follicles?
Oocytes that are surrounded by flattened follicular cells
Separation of the urogenital sinus from the rectum occurs by the formation of what three folds?
Superior Tourneux fold and the L & R Rathke’s folds
Collectively forming the Urorectal septum
Mullerian duct developes as what?
Invagination of the coelomic epithelium
What are some of the 46 XY intersex problems?
Is there a difference between males and females during the first 6 weeks?
NO - there is no phenotypic difference
Describe the development of the Non-gonadal Female reproductive organs?
What is 5-ARD?
What is the role of mesenchymal cells on ovarian development?
Mesenchymal cells will surround the oogonia and become follicular cells
The Wolffian duct is associated with development of what sex?
Males
The external genitalia of humans develop from what common structures?
Genital tubercle
Cloacal fold
Cloacal membrane
labioscrotal swelling
What are some of the defects that can occur in uterine development?
Midline septum
Uterus with two horns
A double uterus
Double uterus and double vagina
The paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts form what?
Form the oviducts, uterus and most of the vagina
The Mullerian duct is associated with what sex?
Females (Notice the top of the letter M)
Mesenchymal in male development can also form?
Leydig cells
Female germ cells in meiosis are referred to as?
Oocytes
Embryonic Leydig cells produce?
Testosterone
Is the X chromosome important?
YES! it is extremely important and life cannot happen without it
What is 46 XX intersex?
Why are primordial germ cells considered migratory cells?
These cells are first visible in the yolk sac near the allantois outside the embryo proper during the 4th week. These cells will proliferate and migrate over the next two weeks into the developing gonadal ridges within the embryo proper.
What are the main roles of AMH and testosterone in male development?
Describe the gonad development on the posterior abdominal wall.
Gonads develop from gonadal ridges on the posterior abdominal wall. Coelomic epithelium thicken and differentiate over the mesenchyme near the mesonephros forming the genital ridge. When the primordial germ cells arrive the gonadal ridge becomes the bipotential gonad
What determines the sex of the next offspring?
The sperm will donate either an X or Y and will determine whether it is a girl or boy
Females can only produce X chromosomes
Embryonic Sertoli cells produce?
anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)
In females what is the role of the gubernaculum?
It guides the ovaries into the pelvis and forms the proper ligament of the ovary and the round ligament of the uterus
Can you describe the descent of the gonads?
The gubernaculum!
Primordial germ cells within the developing ovary are referred to as what?
Oogonia
What are the disorders of sexual development?
