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Reproduction and Sexuality > 1.3.1 Development of the Reproductive Systems > Flashcards

1.3.1 Development of the Reproductive Systems Flashcards

1
Q

How does the broad ligament form?

A

The fusion of the paramesonephric ducts from each side bring together peritoneal folds which unite and form the future broad ligament at the midline

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2
Q

What is the phenotypic sex?

A

7th embyronic week through birth and into puberty

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3
Q

Describe the signaling pathway between males and females

A
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4
Q

What is genetic sex?

A

This is the genetic sex (XX vs XY) of the offspring and is determined at fertilization

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5
Q

What is an important hormone in the migration of the testis?

A

Insulin-like growth factor 3 produced by Leydig cells

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6
Q

The prostate gland forms from?

A

Urogenital sinus endoderm

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7
Q

What is androgen insensitivity syndrome?

A
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8
Q

What helps to move the testis through the inguinal canal?

A

Fetal hiccups or uterine contraction (increases in intraabdominal pressure)

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9
Q

Describe the steroid production by the fetal ovary?

A

There is very little steroid production by the fetal ovary and it is not necessary for development of the female structures or genitalia

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10
Q

What forms the distal 1/5th of the vagina?

A

Sinovaginal bulbs

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11
Q

The Wolffian duct forms?

A

Epididymis, Vas deferens, ejactulatory duct and seminal vesicles

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12
Q

What are some vestigial structures formed from Urogenital ducts?

A
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13
Q

What will happen to oocytes if they are not surrounded by mesenchyme?

A

Undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis)

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14
Q

Testosterone rescues what structures?

A

Mesonephric ducts

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15
Q

What is congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

A
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16
Q

Sertoli cells along with primordial germ cells will form?

A

These are the precursors to seminiferous tubules

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17
Q

What is cryptorchidism?

A
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18
Q

Fill in this chart

A
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19
Q

In males after primordial germ cells migrate to gonadal ridge the mesenchyme migrates around it and forms what?

A

Sertoli cells

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20
Q

What is Turner’s syndrome?

A

Females having only one X chromosome - typically sterile

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21
Q

What are the 3 cell types that the indifferent gonads develop from?

A

Coelomic epithelium - future peritoneal cavity lining cells

Underlying mesenchyme from intermediate mesoderm - mesonephros

Primordial germ cells

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22
Q

What is klinefelter’s syndrome?

A

These patients have an extra X chromosome in men - normal penis but small testicles since spermatogenesis is ususally not functional with an extra X chromosome

23
Q

The cloaca is made up of what two chambers?

A

Urogenital sinus

The rectum that is connected to GI tract

24
Q

What is gonadal sex?

A

Determined by about the 6th week of development -formation of the testis under the influence of the SRY gene

25
Q

What is hypospadias?

A
26
Q

Anti-Mullerian-Hormone is be thought as a reflection of?

A

The size of the primordial follicle pool

27
Q

What are primordial follicles?

A

Oocytes that are surrounded by flattened follicular cells

28
Q

Separation of the urogenital sinus from the rectum occurs by the formation of what three folds?

A

Superior Tourneux fold and the L & R Rathke’s folds

Collectively forming the Urorectal septum

29
Q

Mullerian duct developes as what?

A

Invagination of the coelomic epithelium

30
Q

What are some of the 46 XY intersex problems?

A
31
Q

Is there a difference between males and females during the first 6 weeks?

A

NO - there is no phenotypic difference

32
Q

Describe the development of the Non-gonadal Female reproductive organs?

A
33
Q

What is 5-ARD?

A
34
Q

What is the role of mesenchymal cells on ovarian development?

A

Mesenchymal cells will surround the oogonia and become follicular cells

35
Q

The Wolffian duct is associated with development of what sex?

A

Males

36
Q

The external genitalia of humans develop from what common structures?

A

Genital tubercle

Cloacal fold

Cloacal membrane

labioscrotal swelling

37
Q

What are some of the defects that can occur in uterine development?

A

Midline septum

Uterus with two horns

A double uterus

Double uterus and double vagina

38
Q

The paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts form what?

A

Form the oviducts, uterus and most of the vagina

39
Q

The Mullerian duct is associated with what sex?

A

Females (Notice the top of the letter M)

40
Q

Mesenchymal in male development can also form?

A

Leydig cells

41
Q

Female germ cells in meiosis are referred to as?

A

Oocytes

42
Q

Embryonic Leydig cells produce?

A

Testosterone

43
Q

Is the X chromosome important?

A

YES! it is extremely important and life cannot happen without it

44
Q

What is 46 XX intersex?

A
45
Q

Why are primordial germ cells considered migratory cells?

A

These cells are first visible in the yolk sac near the allantois outside the embryo proper during the 4th week. These cells will proliferate and migrate over the next two weeks into the developing gonadal ridges within the embryo proper.

46
Q

What are the main roles of AMH and testosterone in male development?

A
47
Q

Describe the gonad development on the posterior abdominal wall.

A

Gonads develop from gonadal ridges on the posterior abdominal wall. Coelomic epithelium thicken and differentiate over the mesenchyme near the mesonephros forming the genital ridge. When the primordial germ cells arrive the gonadal ridge becomes the bipotential gonad

48
Q

What determines the sex of the next offspring?

A

The sperm will donate either an X or Y and will determine whether it is a girl or boy

Females can only produce X chromosomes

49
Q

Embryonic Sertoli cells produce?

A

anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)

50
Q
A
51
Q

In females what is the role of the gubernaculum?

A

It guides the ovaries into the pelvis and forms the proper ligament of the ovary and the round ligament of the uterus

52
Q

Can you describe the descent of the gonads?

A

The gubernaculum!

53
Q

Primordial germ cells within the developing ovary are referred to as what?

A

Oogonia

54
Q

What are the disorders of sexual development?

A

Reproduction and Sexuality (58 decks)

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