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Reproduction and Sexuality > 1.4.3 Prostate Pathology > Flashcards

1.4.3 Prostate Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What type of prostatitis?

A

Chronic

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2
Q

What this be?

A

Prostatic adenocarcinoma

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3
Q

Right? Left?

A

Right: BPH

Left: Normal

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4
Q

What yo got, doc?

A

Prostatic adenocarcinoma

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5
Q

What is the current cutoff level for PSA levels? What % of adenocarcinoma is below this level?

A

4 ng/mL; 20-40%

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6
Q

What are the blue and black arrows pointing at?

A

Blue: benign

Black: malignant

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7
Q

Identify the two cell types?

A

Top: Secretory

Bottom: Basal

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8
Q

What symptoms are present in localized prostate cancer?

A

Asymptomatic

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9
Q

What is the most common type of cancer in men?

A

Prostate

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10
Q

What is the incidence in different age groups?

A

20% in 50s. 70-80% in 70s and 80s

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11
Q

What are the histological features of prostatic adenocarcinoma?

A
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12
Q

What other mutations are acquired somatically?

A

ERG and TMPRSS2 gene fusion

MYC amplification

PTEN deletion

Lost of TP53

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13
Q

What age range of men are at risk for BPH?

A

> 50 y/o

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14
Q

What type of infections give rise to granulomatous inflammation?

A

fungal or mycobacteria

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15
Q

What can cause an elevation of PSA?

A

Cancer, prostatitis, BPH, infarct, instrumentation of prostate, ejaculation

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16
Q

What are the black arrows pointing at?

A

Perineural invasion

17
Q

What are the treatment methods?

A

active surveillence (low grade), radical prostatectomy (localized), external beam or intersitial radiation therapy (localized), hormonal manipulations

18
Q

What are the three types of treatment available for BPH?

A

alpha1-adrenergic receptor antagonist

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

19
Q

What this be?

A

Metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma

20
Q

What is the precursor lesion of prostatic adenocarcinoma?

A

high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)

21
Q

What two stains are important for looking at the prostate?

A

PSA-ag stain (in secretory cells) and HMW-CK (in basal cells)

22
Q

What is associated with chronic bacterial prostatitis?

A

Recurrent UTIs

23
Q

What are the symptoms of acute bacterial prostatitis? What is the common bacteria resposible?

A

Fever, chills, dysuria

E. Coli

24
Q

What has shown to substantially reduce mortality in patients with localized prostatic adenocarcinoma?

A

Radical prostatectomy

25
Q

What’s the diagnosis, doc?

A

BPH

26
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of BPH

A
27
Q

Identify the 3 zones?

A

CZ: central zone

TZ: Transurethral zone

PZ: Peripheral zone (70% of adenocarcinomas)

28
Q

What are the three ways to detect prostatic adenocarcinoma?

A

Digital rectal exam (low sensitivity/specificity)

Multiparameter MRI

Serum PSA level

29
Q

What are the three types of prostate inflammation?

A

Acute bacterial

Chronic bacterial or abacterial

Granulomatous

30
Q

What are the two classifications of symptoms that can arise from BPH?

A
31
Q

What are the factors of prognosis in prostatic adenocarcinoma?

A

PSA level, Gleason grade, Pathologic stage

32
Q

What this be?

A

BPH

33
Q

What zones are responsible for BPH?

A

CZ and TZ

34
Q

What germline mutation is associated with prostate adenocarcinoma?

A

BRCA2

35
Q

What type of prostatitis?

A

Acute (note presence of neutrophils)

36
Q

What are the four main complications that arise from BPH?

A

Urinary retention, bladder hypertrophy and hyperplasia, vesicoureteric reflex, renal dysfunction

37
Q

What this be?

A

Post-BCG Granulomatous Inflammation

38
Q

What is the treatment for granulomatous inflammation?

A

BCG Treatment effect

Reproduction and Sexuality (58 decks)

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