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Reproduction and Sexuality > 3.1.1 Diseases of Pregnancy > Flashcards

3.1.1 Diseases of Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

What are some of the etiologies of placental inflammation and infection?

A
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2
Q

What is placenta praevia?

A

Implantation over internal cervical os

Associated w/ placenta accreta

Post partum bleeding

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3
Q

Despite the case fatality decreasing over time, what continues to be the 2nd leading cause of maternal mortality in US?

A

Ectopic pregnancy

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4
Q

Name 4 unusual shapes of placentas

A

Placenta succenturiate - Accessory lobes

Velamentous insertion of umbilical cord

Battledore placenta - Marginal insertion of umbilical cord

Placenta circumvallata - White ring

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5
Q

What these be?

A

Left: Placenta accreta

Right: Placenta percreta

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6
Q

What is chorioadenoma destruens? clinical features?

A

Invasive mole

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7
Q

What this be?

A

Twin gestation

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8
Q

Which morphology of placental inflammation?

A

Varicella Zoster Villitis

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9
Q

What are some of the dz’s of pregnancy?

A

Placental inflammation and infections

Placental abnormalities and twin placentas

Spontaneous abortion

Ectopic pregnancy

Toxemia of pregnancy

Gestational trophoblastic dz’s

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10
Q

What patholgies are associated with ectopic pregnancy?

A
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11
Q

What are the most common sites of ectopic pregnancy?

A

Fallopian tubes, ovaries, abdomen, other sites

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12
Q

What number of vessels are found in the umbilical cord?

A
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13
Q

What this be?

A

Left, top: Ectopic tubal pregnancy, early

Left, bottom: ectopic tubal pregnancy, late

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14
Q

What are the four morphologic variants of gestational trophoblastic dz?

A
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15
Q

What are some of the predisposing factors for placental inflammation and infection?

A

Premature rupture of membranes (most common)

Induce abortion

Hematogenous spread (least common)

Sex during 3rd trimester

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16
Q

What this be?

A

Choriocarcinoma

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17
Q

What are some of the complications of ectopic pregnancy?

A
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18
Q

Which abnormal placental shape?

A

Accessory (succenturiate) lobe

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19
Q

What are the three sequelae with toxemia of pregnancy?

A
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20
Q

Which surface of the fetus?

A

Maternal Surface

(comparable to a hamburger in appearance)

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21
Q

What do these represent?

A

Spontaneous abortion

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22
Q

Which abnormal placental shape?

A

Accessory (succenturiate) lobes

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23
Q

Which abnormal placental shape?

A

Accessory (succenturiate) lobes

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24
Q

Describe the morphology of hydatidiform mole?

A
25
Q

Which morphology of placental inflammation?

A

Chorioamnionitis - notice blue spots

26
Q

What these be?

A

Top: Decidual changes and hemmorhorage

Bottom left: 1st trimester chorionic villi

Bottom right: fetus

27
Q

What are the possible pathogenesises of toxemia of pregnancy?

A
28
Q

What this be?

A

Trophoblastic tumor

29
Q

What are gestational trophoblastic dz?

A
30
Q

What should be included in the differental diagnosis of varicella zoster villitis?

A

TB

Congenital CMV

Congenital syphilis

Congenital toxoplasmosis

Malaria

Parvovirus B19

Listeriosis

Group B Strep

Candida

31
Q

What is the symptom complex in toxemia of pregnancy?

A

HTN, proteinuria, edema

32
Q

What are some ways to identify ectopic pregnancy?

A

Unilateral lower abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, positive serum beta-HCG test, transvaginal US

33
Q

Identify chorion or amnion

A

Top (A,C,C,A) Bottom

34
Q

What this be?

A

Twin placenta

35
Q

When does toxemia of pregnancy typically present?

A

3rd trimester

36
Q

Which abnormal placental shape?

A

Battledore placenta

37
Q

What are the three different morphologies of placental inflammation and infection?

A

Placentitis (villitis)

Chorioamnionitis (fetal membranes)

Funisitis (umbilical cord)

38
Q

What is the cytogenic mechanism of hydatidiform mole?

A
39
Q

Explain the ways in which amnion and chorion can vary in twins

A
40
Q

Id these features of hydatidiform mole

A
41
Q

Choriocarcinoma incidence?

A
42
Q

What is ectopic pregnancy? How often does it occur?

A
43
Q

What are the clinical features of choriocarcinoma?

A
44
Q

Which abnormal placental shape?

A

Placenta circumvallata - white ring

45
Q

What are the two forms of toxemia of pregnancy?

A

Pre-eclampisa and eclampsia (severe)

46
Q

What’s going on here?

A

Placental torsion

47
Q

Describe the hydatidiform mole form of gestational trophoblastic dz

A
48
Q

Which abnormal placental shape?

A

Battledore placenta - marginal insertion

49
Q

What are the treatment options for ectopic pregnancy?

A
50
Q

what this be?

A

Ectopic pregnancy

51
Q

What % of pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion? What are some possible causes?

A
52
Q

What is the morphology of choriocarcinoma?

A
53
Q

What syndrome is associated with toxemia of pregnancy in 10% of cases?

A

HELLP syndrome

(Hemolysis, Elevated liver ezymes, Low plt)

54
Q

What is the mechanism of toxemia of pregnany?

A

loss of resistnance to vasocontriction, decrease prod of prostaglandin, increase prod of renin

55
Q

Which side of the fetus?

A

Left: Fetal

Right: Maternal

56
Q

What are two issues that can arise within the umbilical cord?

A

Knots (no significance if loose, fetal death if tight)

Torsion (marked spiraling that can compromise blood flow)

57
Q

What are the different types of abnormal pentration of placenta into uterine wall?

A

Placenta accreta, increta, and percreta

58
Q

What this be?

A

Invasive mole

59
Q

What are some of the etologic considerations for ectopic pregnancy?

A

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