3.1.3 Breast Histology and Physiology Flashcards
What is this an image of?
TDLU atrophic ducts
What happens to the breast during pregnancy?
Describe the secretory function of mammary alveolar cells
What happens to the postmenopausal breast?
What happens to the breast after ovulation as a combined effect of estrogen and progesterone?
The number of acini per lobule increases
Vacuolization of epithelial cells
Marked intralobular stromal edema
What are the characteristics of Squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts (SMOLD)?
Not associated with lactation
Strong association with smoking
Squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts leads to keratin trapped within the duct and dilation leading to ruptur and an intense inflammatory response
Painful erythematous subareolar mass
Treated by surgical excision
What is this an image of?
Mammary duct ectasia
What is this an image of?
TDLU during pregnancy
What is the pathogenesis of Nonproliferative Fibrocystic changes?
Hormonal imbalances between estrogen and progesterone
What are the characteristics of intralobular stroma?
Loose, delicate myxomatous stroma
Hormonally responsive
Contains scattered lymphocytes
What is the most common presentation of breast cancer in the clinic?
Abnormal mammogram
What is this an image of?
Normal TDLU
What are the characteristics of nonproliferative fibrocystic changes in benign breast lesions?
Not a disease
Conferring no increased risk of developing carinoma
The single most common disorder of the breast
Palpable lumps, mammographic densities, calcifications and nipple discharges
What is this an image of?
Fat necrosis in the breast
What are the covered parts?
In women what happens to normal breast development at menarche?
What is the histology associated with Nonproliferative Fibrocystic Changes?
Fibrosis - rupture of cysts leading to chronic inflammation and scarring fibrosis
Adenosis - Increase in the number of lobular units per lobule
What are the characteristics of acute mastitis?
Almost always occurs during the lactation period
Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci
Unilateral, erythematous, painful abscess
Treated by antibiotics and complete drainage of milk
When should women begin getting a mammogram every year?
Age 45-54 should get one every year
What does actual lactation occur after birth?
Removal of progesterone inhibition on prolactin
Suckling leads to release of oxytocin and milk ejection by contraction of myoepithelial cells
What are the characteristics of the terminal duct lobular unit (TLDU)?
Ducts and lobules are lined by an inner ductal epithelium and out myoepithelial layer
A basal lamina consisting of type IV collagen and laminin is present outside of the myoepithelial cell layer and serves to demarcate the breast TLDU from the surrounding stroma
What is this an image of?
Apocrine metaplasia with intraluminal microcalcifications
Nonproliferative fibrocystic changes
What is this an image of?
Lactational changes in the breast
What are the characteristics of breast fat necrosis?
What is this an image of?
Mammary duct ectasia
What are the characteristics of the interlobular stroma?
Dense fibroconnective tissue admixed with adipose
What is this an image of? What are the arrows pointing at?
Normal TLDU
What is this an image of? What are the covered parts
NEED TO KNOW APOCRINE METAPLASIA
VERY HIGH YIELD
What is the clinical presentation of Breast Disease?
Rising levels of estrogen throughout pregnancy does what to prolactin?
Increases prolactin secretion and thus stimulates milk production
Milk production is inhibited by high levels of progesterone during pregnancy
What is this an image of?
Fibrocystic changes - increased number of cysts
What are the characteristics of Mammary duct ectasia?
Associated with older age (50s-60s)
Inspissation of breast secretions leads to dilation of ducts and periductal and interstitial chronic granulomatous inflammatory reaction
Thick, cheesy nipple secretion
What is this an image of?
SMOLD
Squamous metaplasia
