1.4.2 Testicular Neoplasia Flashcards
What type of therapy is used to treat testicular tumors?
Platinum based therapy
What age group is responsible for 90% of testicular cancers?
20-50 y/o (if a tumor is found in the testis after the age of 50, it is probably a metastases
How does a seminoma present?
Testicular enlargement or nodular mass that causes the patient dull pain or minor discomfort
What is the most common type of germ cell tumor?
Seminoma (composed of one cell type)
What type of tumor?
Leydig cell tumor
What are the four types of germ cell testicular tumors?
Intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN), seminoma, nonseminomatous germ cell tumors, mixed seminoma
Identify
Which cells are malignant? Describe their appearance
Fried egg appearance (precursor to germ cell tumor)
1 C
2 C
3 B
4 B
5 D
6 D
7 C
90% of tumors are from what type of cell?
Germ cells
What type of tumor?
Sertoli cell tumor
What this be?
Seminoma in a bisected testis
What are the four different cell types that could give rise to testicular tumors?
Germ cells, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, Stromal cells (rare)
What is this?
Teratoma - embryonal carcinoma cells
What is the cure rate in seminomas?
90%
What are the two types of sex cord cell tumors (which accounts for 5% of testicular cancers)?
Leydig cell tumor, Sertoli cell tumor
Identify A-E
Identify the three regions
What % of sex chord tumors are benign?
90%
During the years of 25-50, where does testicular cancer rank among malignant cancers in men?
4th
What are the common metastatic locations of germ cell tumors?
Paraaortic lymph nodes then solid organs (lung, brain, liver)
Identify the two cell types in this seminoma
Top: tumor cells
Bottom: lymphocytes
What is this?
Non-seminomatous germ cell tumor
What is the most common type of sex chord tumor
Leydig > Sertoli
What serologic marker is used to identify seminoma?
Trick question. There isn’t one
What type of tumor is the yolk sac tumor?
childhood tumor (w/ AFP)
What are the two serological markers of nonseminomatous germ cell tumor?
AFP and hCG
Identify
Which cells play a support function?
Sertoli cells and smooth muscle cells of the lamina propria
What this be?
Seminoma (septa contain lymphocytes, tumor cells form lobules)
Which cells secrete testosterone?
Leydig cells
Identify the different cell types present
What are the three risk factors for testicular germ cell tumors?
cryptochordism, gonadal dysgenesis, sex chromosome and genetic disorders
What are the effects of leydig cell tumors in prepubertal children? Adults?
Prepubertal: precocious puberty, macrogenitosomia
Adults: gynecomastia
What are the sex cord and germ cell tumors?
What cell type?
Embryonal carcinoma cells
What are the clinical features of a seminoma?
What are the characteristics of Leydig cell tumor?
Schiller Duval Body is characteristic of?
Yolk Sac Tumor
What are the characteristics of Embryonal Carcinoma?
Malignant Tumor comprised of immature, primitive cells that produce glands
Forms hemorrhagic mess with negrosis
Could have elevated AFP or hCG
What are the characteristics of Yolk sac tumor?
Resembles yolk sac elements
Most common in children
Schiller-Duval Bodies
AFP is elevated
What are the characteristics of a Choriocarcinoma?
Malignant tumor of the syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts.
hCG is characteristially elevated leading to hyperthyroidism or gynecomastia
