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Reproduction and Sexuality > 1.1.1 Pelvis & Pelvic Diaphragm > Flashcards

1.1.1 Pelvis & Pelvic Diaphragm Flashcards

1
Q

The puborectalis runs posterior to the anorectal junction forming what angle?

A

Anorectal angle

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2
Q

Describe the pelvic diaphragm

A

A muscular funnel that surrounds the anal canal

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3
Q

Infections around the anus and rectum

A

Perianal abscesses

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4
Q

What is the most important subdivision of the levator ani muscle when is comes to birthing?

A

pubococcygeous b/c it encircles; most often injured muscle during parturition

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5
Q

Name this space and its clinical significance.

A

Sacral Hiatus; Epidural injections

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6
Q

What this be?

A

Bleeding due to straddle injury

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7
Q

Describe the anatomical boundaries of the perineum

A
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8
Q

When does the pelvis completely fuse?

A

~20 years of age

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9
Q

What shape of pelvis?

A

Android - typical male shaped pelvis

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10
Q

What are the covered parts

A
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11
Q

Describe the dimensions of the pelvic inlet (explain the diagonal and obstetrical (true) conjugate.

A
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12
Q

The pelvic diaphragm is made of what two muscles?

A

Levator ani muscle

coccygeus muscle

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13
Q

What are the three parts of the external anal sphincter? What is its innervation?

A

Inferior rectal nerve (S2-4)

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14
Q

Which hormones are thought to partially degrade the cartillage of the immobile joints of the pelvis to allow for some movement?

A

Progesterone and Relaxin

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15
Q

Type of injuries that damage external genitalia which may lead to bleeding into the superficial perineal space

A

Straddle injuries

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16
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage above an below the pectinate line.

A

Above - internal iliac lymph node

Below - Superficial inguinal lymph node

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17
Q

What type of exercises are thought to help prevent injury during parturition?

A

Kegel exercises

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18
Q

What shape of pelvis?

A

Gynecoid - typical female shaped pelvis

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19
Q

Formed by the ishial tuberosities and the tip of the coccyx

A

Anal triangle

20
Q

The inferioposterior portion of the abdomen that serves as a transition from the trunk to lower limb

A

Pelvis

21
Q

The surface of the pubic surface gets smoother until what age? When does it start to pit?

A

~30-40 years; >50 years

22
Q

Shape of pelvis?

A

Anthropoid - a pelvis that has an enlongated anterior to posterior dimension, similar to man

23
Q

What are the three subdivisions of the levator ani muscle?

A

pubococcygeous, puborectalis, iliococcygeous

24
Q

What is the innervation of the internal anal sphincter?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerve

25
Q

What this be?

A

Anal fissure

26
Q

What are the bones present in the bony pelvis?

A
27
Q

Compare these structures of male and female pelves: general structure, subpubic angle, greater pelvis, true pelvis, pelvic brim, and pelvic outlet.

A
28
Q

Compare the angles of the subpubic angle in males and females?

A

Females: ~90 degrees

Males: 70 degrees

29
Q

Area b/t the upper thighs

A

Perineum

30
Q
A
31
Q

What are the two spaces created by the perineal membrane?

A
32
Q

What runs through the pelvic diaphragm in men? females?

A

Males: Anus and urethra

Females: anus, urethra, and vagina

33
Q
A
34
Q

What does the peritoneum include in women?

A

Anus and vulva (external genitalia)

35
Q

Shape of pelvis?

A

Platypelloid

36
Q

What three bones fuse together to form the innominate bone?

A

ilium, ischium, and pubis

37
Q

Identify these three muscles

A
38
Q

What three types of fascia can be present in the superficial membranous fascia

A
39
Q

What does the peritoneum include in men?

A

anus, penis, and scrotum

40
Q

What are the two areas of the pelvis?

A
41
Q

What is true about pelvic fractures?

A

Most commonly have multiple fractures when fractures occur; most commonly due to car accidents

42
Q

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

A

fibrous and synovial

43
Q

Identify

A
44
Q

A fibrocartillagenous joint with an interpubic disc b/t the pubic bones in the midline

A

Pubic symphysis

45
Q

What are the characteristics of a pilonidal cyst?

A
46
Q

What are the covered parts?

A

Reproduction and Sexuality (58 decks)

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