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Reproduction and Sexuality > 2.3.1 Implantation and Development of the Placenta > Flashcards

2.3.1 Implantation and Development of the Placenta Flashcards

1
Q

What does the decidua basalis go on to form?

A

The placenta

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2
Q

Identify the portions of the fetal villi

A
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3
Q

Uteroplacental vascular insufficiency is a potential cause of what?

A

Preeclampsia

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4
Q

What primes/creates a receptive endometrium?

A

Estrogen and progesterone from the corpus luteum

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5
Q

What are the seven steps of ovulation and implantation?

A
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6
Q

What are the two different cell groups in the blastocyst?

A

Inner cell mass (90%)

Outer cell mass (10%)

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7
Q

What are the three processes of implantation?

A

apposition, adhesion, and invasion

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8
Q

What makes a villous an anchoring villous?

A

Connects to the maternal basalis

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9
Q

Describe the state of the coiled arteries during the progression through the menstrual cycle

A
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10
Q

What are the different types of monozyogotic twins?

A

Know Mono Di

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11
Q

Of lost pregnancies, what % of pregnancies are lost due to failure to implant?

A

75%

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12
Q

Describe the progression from the blastocyst to the development of the three germ layers

A
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13
Q

What causes loss of uterine wall during a period?

A

The coiled arteries of the functionalis layer of endometrium constrict reducing blood flow. This causes necrosis and sloughing seen during a period

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14
Q

What marks the transition from pre-eclampsia to eclampsia?

A

Maternal seizures

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15
Q

Identify the two sides of the term placenta?

A

Left: Fetal side

Right: Maternal side

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16
Q

The expression of what by trophoblast cells may limit recognition by the maternal immune system?

A

HLA-G

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17
Q
A
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18
Q

Summarize embryogenesis (you studied this in FOM)

A
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19
Q

What does the syncytiotrophoblase release in order to promote embryonic survival?

A

hCG - keeps progesterone produce to prevent menses

VEGF - to seek out and invade maternal blood vessels

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20
Q

Used to describe a cell that can give rise to any and all cell types (somatic cells, germ cells, placenta)

A

Totipotent

21
Q

How does the blastocyst adhere to the uterus?

A

Microvilli of the syncytiotrophoblast bind with pinopodes

22
Q

What are the three portions of the decidua?

A

Decidua basalis, decidua parietalis, decidua vera (capsularis)

23
Q

Capable of giving rise to many cell types (somatic and germ cells)

A

Pluripotent

24
Q

What are the three phases of endometrium status during a menstrual cycle?

A

Early/late proliferative and secretory phase

25
Q

What type of placenta is utilized during human development?

A

Hemochordial placenta (trophoblast contacts maternal blood)

26
Q

In what conditions is AFP elevated?

A
27
Q

Draw out a schematic drawing off a full term fetus

A
28
Q

Where AFP produced in the embryo?

A

yolk sac and fetal liver

29
Q

Which cells of the blastocyst are responsible for forming the embryo?

A

Inner cell mass

30
Q

What is decidualization?

A

Transformation of secretory endometrium to decidua

31
Q

Can give rise to multiple, but limited # of lineages?

A

Multipotent (progenitor cells)

32
Q

What must the blastocyst hatch out of prior to implantation?

A

Zona pellucida

33
Q

What occurs into uteroplacental vascular insufficiency?

A
34
Q

Describe how blood flow occurs within the placenta on both the fetal and maternal side

A
35
Q

How long does it take the blastocyst to hatch out of the zona pellucida?

A

5-6 days

36
Q

Describe the process of chorionic villi formation

(Need to know)

A
37
Q

What stage of development?

A

Trophoblastic plate stage

38
Q

Disorder of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure and a large amount of protein in the urine

A

Pre-eclampsia

39
Q

What is a common cause of infertility?

A

Failure to implant

40
Q

What may contribute to preeclampsia?

A

Placental thrombosis

41
Q

What is the maximal fecundity (probability of conception during a single menstrual cycle)?

A

20-30%

42
Q

What embryonic cell group is considered pluripotent?

A

blastocyst (inner cell mass)

43
Q

When does blastocyst implantation typically occur?

A

6-7 days after fertilization, embryo implants into the uterine wall

44
Q

During what embryonic stage, are totipotent cells present?

A

Zygote, morula

45
Q

Describe the way nutrients are passed b/t fetal and maternal blood

A
46
Q

What is required for decidualization?

A

Implantation of the blastocyst

47
Q

What are the different stages of embryogenesis?

A
48
Q

Where does fertilization of the ovulated egg typically occur?

A

In the ampullar region

Reproduction and Sexuality (58 decks)

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