2.3.1 Implantation and Development of the Placenta Flashcards
What does the decidua basalis go on to form?
The placenta
Identify the portions of the fetal villi
Uteroplacental vascular insufficiency is a potential cause of what?
Preeclampsia
What primes/creates a receptive endometrium?
Estrogen and progesterone from the corpus luteum
What are the seven steps of ovulation and implantation?
What are the two different cell groups in the blastocyst?
Inner cell mass (90%)
Outer cell mass (10%)
What are the three processes of implantation?
apposition, adhesion, and invasion
What makes a villous an anchoring villous?
Connects to the maternal basalis
Describe the state of the coiled arteries during the progression through the menstrual cycle
What are the different types of monozyogotic twins?
Know Mono Di
Of lost pregnancies, what % of pregnancies are lost due to failure to implant?
75%
Describe the progression from the blastocyst to the development of the three germ layers
What causes loss of uterine wall during a period?
The coiled arteries of the functionalis layer of endometrium constrict reducing blood flow. This causes necrosis and sloughing seen during a period
What marks the transition from pre-eclampsia to eclampsia?
Maternal seizures
Identify the two sides of the term placenta?
Left: Fetal side
Right: Maternal side
The expression of what by trophoblast cells may limit recognition by the maternal immune system?
HLA-G
Summarize embryogenesis (you studied this in FOM)
What does the syncytiotrophoblase release in order to promote embryonic survival?
hCG - keeps progesterone produce to prevent menses
VEGF - to seek out and invade maternal blood vessels
Used to describe a cell that can give rise to any and all cell types (somatic cells, germ cells, placenta)
Totipotent
How does the blastocyst adhere to the uterus?
Microvilli of the syncytiotrophoblast bind with pinopodes
What are the three portions of the decidua?
Decidua basalis, decidua parietalis, decidua vera (capsularis)
Capable of giving rise to many cell types (somatic and germ cells)
Pluripotent
What are the three phases of endometrium status during a menstrual cycle?
Early/late proliferative and secretory phase
What type of placenta is utilized during human development?
Hemochordial placenta (trophoblast contacts maternal blood)
In what conditions is AFP elevated?
Draw out a schematic drawing off a full term fetus
Where AFP produced in the embryo?
yolk sac and fetal liver
Which cells of the blastocyst are responsible for forming the embryo?
Inner cell mass
What is decidualization?
Transformation of secretory endometrium to decidua
Can give rise to multiple, but limited # of lineages?
Multipotent (progenitor cells)
What must the blastocyst hatch out of prior to implantation?
Zona pellucida
What occurs into uteroplacental vascular insufficiency?
Describe how blood flow occurs within the placenta on both the fetal and maternal side
How long does it take the blastocyst to hatch out of the zona pellucida?
5-6 days
Describe the process of chorionic villi formation
(Need to know)
What stage of development?
Trophoblastic plate stage
Disorder of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure and a large amount of protein in the urine
Pre-eclampsia
What is a common cause of infertility?
Failure to implant
What may contribute to preeclampsia?
Placental thrombosis
What is the maximal fecundity (probability of conception during a single menstrual cycle)?
20-30%
What embryonic cell group is considered pluripotent?
blastocyst (inner cell mass)
When does blastocyst implantation typically occur?
6-7 days after fertilization, embryo implants into the uterine wall
During what embryonic stage, are totipotent cells present?
Zygote, morula
Describe the way nutrients are passed b/t fetal and maternal blood
What is required for decidualization?
Implantation of the blastocyst
What are the different stages of embryogenesis?
Where does fertilization of the ovulated egg typically occur?
In the ampullar region
