3.4.1 Psychology Isn't A Science (Con) Flashcards

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1
Q

(Against) not all psychological research is what f?

A

Falsifiable

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2
Q

(Against) give an example of how some psychological research is unfalsifiable:

A

Freud said all men have repressed homosexual tendencies - impossible to falsify, can’t prove it true or false

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3
Q

(Against) but some psychological theories produce what?

A

Hypotheses that can be falsified

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4
Q

(Against) how did sohms provide evidence for the theory when we dream our ego is weakened and the ids desires are expressed?

A

Hypothesis - when we dream prefrontal cortex (rational - ego) is less active and limbic system (emotion, drives - id) more active

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5
Q

(Against) what research is at risk of lacking objectivity?

A

Any that doesn’t use a double blind placebo trial

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6
Q

(Against) why might Bowlby’s 44 thieves study lack objectivity?

A

Bowlby was a psychodynamic theorist believing early childhood experiences were of vital importance
his ideas could have influences his diagnosis of affectionless amongst children experiencing separation

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7
Q

(Against) how might Ellis have lacked objectivity?

A

as the designer of REBT he suggested a 90% success rate when other researchers suggested 50

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8
Q

(Against) how might Kohlberg’s interpretation of answers to moral dilemma scenarios have lacked objectivity?

A

no subjective measure of moral development

Kohlberg’s western expectations of moral development could’ve influences his interpretations

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9
Q

(Against) in psychological research what is not exclusively used?

A

controlled research

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10
Q

(Against) psychologists will often use what type of studies?

A

correlational studies

e.g .age and reaction time, stress and illness, happiness and age

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11
Q

(Against) what does correlational research not establish and why?

A

causation e.g. will you smoke if your friends do or are you more likely to get friends who smoke because you smoke
existence of cofounding variables

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12
Q

(Against) correlational research is often misunderstood to be what?

A

causation

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13
Q

(Against) even when lab exp. are used what does the researcher have to do?

A

control EVs and CVs to be confident manipulation of IV causes change in DV

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14
Q

(Against) why is it impossible to control all variables with research on humans?

A

no way of knowing ways individuals may be influenced to behave

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15
Q

(Against) what CVs may affect a lab exp. into effectiveness of a therapy?

A
cause of mental illness
compliance
different amounts/ dosage
other treatments
social support
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16
Q

(Against) what does it mean that psychology has no single paradigm? (Kuhn, 1970)

A

no single shared set of assumptions like biology, chemistry and physics

17
Q

(Against) In comparison to biology, chemistry and physics, what is psychology?

A

a relatively younger subject it is only 138 years

other science is thousand of years old

18
Q

(Against) within traditional sciences what has there not always been?

A

agreement

19
Q

(Against) the theories agreed on today in traditional sciences are the result of what?

A

hundreds of years of research

20
Q

(Against) what type of science might psychology be?

A

a pre science

it is yet to identify it’s paradigm

21
Q

(Against) what is pre science?

A

a period of discovery where there was no central paradigm

this status does not detract from use of scientific methods

22
Q

(Against) Palermo (1971) argues psychology has already undergone what and is in what stage?

A

a series of paradigm shifts

now in the revolutionary phase

23
Q

(Against) what is the revolutionary phase?

A

challenging the paradigms

24
Q

(Against) what could the revolutionary phase explain the change in?

A

focus of study from psychopathy to positive psychology

25
Q

(Against) why do some believe the goals of science are not appropriate for psychology?

A

not able to gain a complete understanding of human behaviour

26
Q

(Against) the scientific approach is reductionist which means what for psychology?

A

need to break down complex behaviours to individual elements but such an approach would limit psychological insight

27
Q

(Against) Laing said schizophrenia cannot be understood without understanding what?

A

despair

28
Q

(Against) being reductionist is at the costs of getting what?

A

insight

29
Q

(Against) most psychologists prefer what type of approach rather than a reductionist one?

A

holistic

30
Q

(Against) Laing claimed the aim of the scientific approach is to do what?

A

make generalisations about behaviour

nomothetic

31
Q

(Against) Laing said he felt treatment could only succeed if each patient was treated as what?

A

an individual case (idiographic)

32
Q

(conclusion) what has psychology done even without having scientific status?

A

had an impact