3.1.4 Peer influences evaluation (Add) Flashcards
(support) Simons, Morton & Farnat conducted a review of 40 prospective studies into what?
relationship between smoking & peers
(support) Simons, Morton & Farnat - almost all studies showed what?
a positive correlation between smoking and positive influences
(S, M, F) what are prospective studies?
those looking for outcomes e.g. development of an addiction
(S, M, F) what is a strength of prospective studies?
allows for suggestion of a cause and effect relationship
(support) Simons, Morton & Farnat’s research tells that research into relationship between peers and smoking is what?
reliable as findings of a positive correlation are consistent
(support) what did studies on rats and cocaine show? (Smith)
rats more likely to self administer cocaine if they were with another rat with access to cocaine, than when with a rat without cocaine
(Support) what does smiths research provide evidence for?
peer influence and addictive behaviour
(support) what is a strength of the methodology using rats to investigate addiction?
able to study an addiction and peer influence we wouldn’t be able to on humans for ethical reasons
(against) why is the methodology using rats a weakness?
animal research is not generalizable to humans - rats and humans aren’t the same
(support) what did neighbours et al compare among US college students?
a number of factors relating to alcohol consumption
(support) what did Neighbours et al find the best predictor of alcohol consumption were?
descriptive and injunctive norms
(support) Neighbours research shows peer influence and perceived social norms affect what?
amount of alcohol consumption
(against) what is a weakness of Neighbours sample and variable?
only on students and drinking
not generalisable
(against) though it illustrates social influences can influence a person to consume alcohol, what does neighbours research not illustrate?
whether social influences are enough to result in an addiction
(against) what is there a difference between regarding addictions and behaviours?
engaging in a behaviour and having a behaviour develop into an addiction
(against) what else may be important when it comes to addiction other than social factors?
other major factors e.g. genes such as the DRD2, ADH & ALDH genes
what is a big issue in conducting experimental research on addiction?
using humans
what is a big advantage of experiments?
allow us to establish cause and effect relationships e.g. our peers cause us to become addicts
(against) why cant we use experiments to study humans and addiction?
ethics and practicality
what is an ethical issue in using experiments on humans to study addiction?
you cant give someone an addiction
what is a practical issue in using experiments on humans to study social influence on addiction?
you cant control a persons peers and the amount of influence they have upon the individual
what methods do many research studies on social influence and addiction use?
self reports
correlational research
what is an issue of self report methods in studying social influence and addiction?
social desirability bias - people don’t want to admit they are an addict or get their friends into trouble
what is an issue of using correlational research to study social influence and addiction?
cannot establish a cause and effect relationship e.g. peer influence causes addiction
operationalizing or defining peer relationships is difficult , bringing what into question?
reliability of research
(against) Bandura’s SLT research was based upon what?
a sample of children aged 3-5 and their copying aggressive behaviour toward a toy
(against) what is an issue of Bandura’s research being based upon children’s behaviour?
can it be used to explain adults becoming addicts?
what may it be too simplistic to say?
peers are the only social factor influencing the development of an addiction
