3.1.4 Peer influences evaluation (Add) Flashcards

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1
Q

(support) Simons, Morton & Farnat conducted a review of 40 prospective studies into what?

A

relationship between smoking & peers

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2
Q

(support) Simons, Morton & Farnat - almost all studies showed what?

A

a positive correlation between smoking and positive influences

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3
Q

(S, M, F) what are prospective studies?

A

those looking for outcomes e.g. development of an addiction

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4
Q

(S, M, F) what is a strength of prospective studies?

A

allows for suggestion of a cause and effect relationship

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5
Q

(support) Simons, Morton & Farnat’s research tells that research into relationship between peers and smoking is what?

A

reliable as findings of a positive correlation are consistent

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6
Q

(support) what did studies on rats and cocaine show? (Smith)

A

rats more likely to self administer cocaine if they were with another rat with access to cocaine, than when with a rat without cocaine

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7
Q

(Support) what does smiths research provide evidence for?

A

peer influence and addictive behaviour

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8
Q

(support) what is a strength of the methodology using rats to investigate addiction?

A

able to study an addiction and peer influence we wouldn’t be able to on humans for ethical reasons

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9
Q

(against) why is the methodology using rats a weakness?

A

animal research is not generalizable to humans - rats and humans aren’t the same

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10
Q

(support) what did neighbours et al compare among US college students?

A

a number of factors relating to alcohol consumption

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11
Q

(support) what did Neighbours et al find the best predictor of alcohol consumption were?

A

descriptive and injunctive norms

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12
Q

(support) Neighbours research shows peer influence and perceived social norms affect what?

A

amount of alcohol consumption

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13
Q

(against) what is a weakness of Neighbours sample and variable?

A

only on students and drinking

not generalisable

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14
Q

(against) though it illustrates social influences can influence a person to consume alcohol, what does neighbours research not illustrate?

A

whether social influences are enough to result in an addiction

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15
Q

(against) what is there a difference between regarding addictions and behaviours?

A

engaging in a behaviour and having a behaviour develop into an addiction

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16
Q

(against) what else may be important when it comes to addiction other than social factors?

A

other major factors e.g. genes such as the DRD2, ADH & ALDH genes

17
Q

what is a big issue in conducting experimental research on addiction?

A

using humans

18
Q

what is a big advantage of experiments?

A

allow us to establish cause and effect relationships e.g. our peers cause us to become addicts

19
Q

(against) why cant we use experiments to study humans and addiction?

A

ethics and practicality

20
Q

what is an ethical issue in using experiments on humans to study addiction?

A

you cant give someone an addiction

21
Q

what is a practical issue in using experiments on humans to study social influence on addiction?

A

you cant control a persons peers and the amount of influence they have upon the individual

22
Q

what methods do many research studies on social influence and addiction use?

A

self reports

correlational research

23
Q

what is an issue of self report methods in studying social influence and addiction?

A

social desirability bias - people don’t want to admit they are an addict or get their friends into trouble

24
Q

what is an issue of using correlational research to study social influence and addiction?

A

cannot establish a cause and effect relationship e.g. peer influence causes addiction

25
Q

operationalizing or defining peer relationships is difficult , bringing what into question?

A

reliability of research

26
Q

(against) Bandura’s SLT research was based upon what?

A

a sample of children aged 3-5 and their copying aggressive behaviour toward a toy

27
Q

(against) what is an issue of Bandura’s research being based upon children’s behaviour?

A

can it be used to explain adults becoming addicts?

28
Q

what may it be too simplistic to say?

A

peers are the only social factor influencing the development of an addiction