3.1.4 Peer influences evaluation (Add)

Question 1

(support) Simons, Morton & Farnat conducted a review of 40 prospective studies into what?

Answer 1

relationship between smoking & peers

Question 2

(support) Simons, Morton & Farnat - almost all studies showed what?

Answer 2

a positive correlation between smoking and positive influences

Question 3

(S, M, F) what are prospective studies?

Answer 3

those looking for outcomes e.g. development of an addiction

Question 4

(S, M, F) what is a strength of prospective studies?

Answer 4

allows for suggestion of a cause and effect relationship

Question 5

(support) Simons, Morton & Farnat’s research tells that research into relationship between peers and smoking is what?

Answer 5

reliable as findings of a positive correlation are consistent

Question 6

(support) what did studies on rats and cocaine show? (Smith)

Answer 6

rats more likely to self administer cocaine if they were with another rat with access to cocaine, than when with a rat without cocaine

Question 7

(Support) what does smiths research provide evidence for?

Answer 7

peer influence and addictive behaviour

Question 8

(support) what is a strength of the methodology using rats to investigate addiction?

Answer 8

able to study an addiction and peer influence we wouldn’t be able to on humans for ethical reasons

Question 9

(against) why is the methodology using rats a weakness?

Answer 9

animal research is not generalizable to humans - rats and humans aren’t the same

Question 10

(support) what did neighbours et al compare among US college students?

Answer 10

a number of factors relating to alcohol consumption

Question 11

(support) what did Neighbours et al find the best predictor of alcohol consumption were?

Answer 11

descriptive and injunctive norms

Question 12

(support) Neighbours research shows peer influence and perceived social norms affect what?

Answer 12

amount of alcohol consumption

Question 13

(against) what is a weakness of Neighbours sample and variable?

Answer 13

only on students and drinking

not generalisable

Question 14

(against) though it illustrates social influences can influence a person to consume alcohol, what does neighbours research not illustrate?

Answer 14

whether social influences are enough to result in an addiction

Question 15

(against) what is there a difference between regarding addictions and behaviours?

Answer 15

engaging in a behaviour and having a behaviour develop into an addiction

Question 16

(against) what else may be important when it comes to addiction other than social factors?

Answer 16

other major factors e.g. genes such as the DRD2, ADH & ALDH genes

Question 17

what is a big issue in conducting experimental research on addiction?

Answer 17

using humans

Question 18

what is a big advantage of experiments?

Answer 18

allow us to establish cause and effect relationships e.g. our peers cause us to become addicts

Question 19

(against) why cant we use experiments to study humans and addiction?

Answer 19

ethics and practicality

Question 20

what is an ethical issue in using experiments on humans to study addiction?

Answer 20

you cant give someone an addiction

Question 21

what is a practical issue in using experiments on humans to study social influence on addiction?

Answer 21

you cant control a persons peers and the amount of influence they have upon the individual

Question 22

what methods do many research studies on social influence and addiction use?

Answer 22

self reports

correlational research

Question 23

what is an issue of self report methods in studying social influence and addiction?

Answer 23

social desirability bias - people don’t want to admit they are an addict or get their friends into trouble

Question 24

what is an issue of using correlational research to study social influence and addiction?

Answer 24

cannot establish a cause and effect relationship e.g. peer influence causes addiction

Question 25

operationalizing or defining peer relationships is difficult , bringing what into question?

Answer 25

reliability of research

Question 26

(against) Bandura’s SLT research was based upon what?

Answer 26

a sample of children aged 3-5 and their copying aggressive behaviour toward a toy

Question 27

(against) what is an issue of Bandura’s research being based upon children’s behaviour?

Answer 27

can it be used to explain adults becoming addicts?

Question 28

what may it be too simplistic to say?

Answer 28

peers are the only social factor influencing the development of an addiction