1.3.1 Learning Assumption (Be)

Question 1

What does the learning assumption say?

Answer 1

Animals and humans learn in similar ways

Question 2

What do behaviourists believe about the laws of learning?

Answer 2

They are the same for humans and animals

Question 3

If animals and humans learn in the same way what can we do?

Answer 3

Study animal learning in a lab environment and make generalisations about human behaviour

Question 4

Give an example of how animal learning has been applied to human behaviour:

Answer 4

Principles of classical conditioning developed from Pavlov’s research on dogs have been applied to therapies to help humans overcome phobias

Question 5

Where have Pavlov’s principles been used in therapies to overcome phobias?

Answer 5

• systematic desensitisation

Question 6

What occurs in systematic desensitisation?

Answer 6

The client learns to associate the phobic object with feelings of relaxation instead of fear

Question 7

Where were the principles of operant conditioning developed?

Answer 7

In the confinements of a laboratory with animals

Question 8

In which places have the principles of operant conditioning been applied to shaping human behaviour?

Answer 8

In environments such as educational establishments, prisons and psychiatric institutions

Question 9

Give an example of operant conditioning principes applied to human behaviour:

Answer 9

Token economy systems

Question 10

How do token economy systems work?

Answer 10

By awarding people with tokens for desirable behaviour, they can build these up until they can swap them for something they want