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FITZPATRICK'S DERMATOLOGY 9TH EDITION (SHAMMY) > 28 - 183 - PRINCIPLES OF TOPICAL THERAPY > Flashcards

28 - 183 - PRINCIPLES OF TOPICAL THERAPY Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Defined as the uptake of compounds by the cutaneous microvasculature

a. Resorption

b. Absorption

c. Skin metabolism

d. Diffusion

A

A

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2
Q

Occlusion increases drug delivery by __x

a. 10

b. 15

c. 20

d. 25

A

A

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3
Q

Solutions with added powder, zinc oxide, talc, calamine, glycerol, alcohol and water

a. Shake lotions

b. Suspension

c. Solutions

d. Gels

A

A

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4
Q

Optimum size of the particles for penetration into hair follicles is between

a. 300-600 nm

b. 300-400 nm

c. 400-500 nm

d. 500-600 nm

A

A

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5
Q

Percutaneous absorption process occurring in the epidermis, except

a. Diffusion

b. Metabolism

c. Binding

d. Reservoir function

A

D

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6
Q

three key steps of topical therapy

A
  1. topical application
  2. percutaneous absorption
  3. binding of the active molecule to its target site
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7
Q

defined as the decrease in drug response over time, is often a result of nonadherence rather than loss of corticosteroid receptor function

A

Tachyphylaxis

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8
Q

plays the most significant role in determining the diffusion of compounds into the body

A

Stratum corneum

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9
Q

Parameters That Affect Drug Amounts in Skin Compartments

A
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10
Q

Defined as the amount of an active ingredient that is still in contact with the nonvolatile constituents of its formulation after the latter had been massaged into the skin surface

A

Reservoir

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11
Q

Optimum size of the particles for penetration into hair follicles is

A

300 and 600 nm

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12
Q

analysis of the reservoir of the hair follicles showed that the highest reservoir is on the

A

Scalp followed by the forehead and the calf

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13
Q

What are the three penetration pathways

A

(1) intercellular penetration, inside the lipid layers around the corneocytes;
(2) follicular penetration;
(3) intracellular penetration

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14
Q

defined as the uptake of compounds by the cutaneous microvasculature

A

Resorption

It directly related to the surface area of the exchanging capillaries as well as their blood flow.

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15
Q

Stratum corneum, the rate-limiting barrier to percutaneous drug delivery, is composed of

A

ceramides, free fatty acids, and cholesterol in a 1:1:1 molar ratio.

By weight, the stratum corneum consists of 50% ceramides (acylceramides being the most abundant), 35% cholesterol, and 15% free fatty acids.

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16
Q

Area with the highest Relative percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone

A

Scrotum

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17
Q

considered the most important route for cutaneous drug delivery

A

intercellular pathway

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18
Q

two main routes for permeation through the stratum corneum

A

(1) transepidermal and
(2) transappendageal pathways

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19
Q

simple hydration of the stratum corneum enhances the absorption of topically applied steroids by how many times

A

4 - 5x

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20
Q

amount of topical dispensed from a 5-mm-diameter nozzle onto the tip of the palmar aspect of the index finger to the distal interphalangeal joint skin crease

A

finger-tip unit (FTU)

21
Q

One FTU is equivalent to how many mg of topical agent

A

500 mg

22
Q

One FTU can cover how many % BSA

A

2 %

23
Q

inactive part of a topical preparation that brings a drug into contact with the skin

A

Vehicle

24
Q
A
25
Q
A
26
Q

absorb moisture and decrease friction. Because they adhere poorly to skin, their use is mainly limited to cosmetic and hygienic purposes

A

Powders

27
Q

also referred to as a cataplasm, is a wet solid mass of particles, sometimes heated, that is applied to diseased skin

A

POULTICE

The modern poultice often consists of porous beads of dextranomer. Poultices are used as wound cleansers and absorptive agents in exudative lesions such as decubiti and leg ulcers

28
Q

semisolid preparations that spread easily, are petrolatum-based vehicles capable of providing occlusion, hydration, and lubrication

A

OINTMENT

29
Q

Ointment bases used in dermatology can be classified into five categories:

A

(1) hydrocarbon bases,
(2) absorption bases,
(3) emulsions of water-in-oil,
(4) emulsions of oil-in-water
(5) water-soluble bases

30
Q

Dermatologists commonly refer to the hydrocarbon bases and absorption bases a

A

Ointments

31
Q

Dermatologists commonly refer to the water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsion bases as

A

Creams

32
Q

In pharmaceutical terms, all of these preparations are ointments and are specifically indicated for conditions affecting the

A

glabrous skin (palms and soles) and lichenified areas

33
Q

Also called oleaginous bases, hydrocarbon bases are often referred to as

A

Emollients

they prevent the evaporation of moisture from skin, are composed of a mixture of hydrocarbons of varying molecular weights, with petrolatum being the most commonly used (white petrolatum, except for being bleached, is identical to yellow petrolatum).

34
Q

contain hydrophilic substances that allow for the absorption of water-soluble drugs

A

ABSORPTION BASES

These ointments are lubricating and hydrophilic, and they can form emulsions.

They function well as emollients and protectants.

They are greasy to apply but are easier to remove than hydrocarbon bases. They do not contain water.

Examples include anhydrous lanolin and hydrophilic petrolatum

35
Q

A waterin-oil emulsion, by definition, contains how many percent of water

A

less than 25% water, with oil being the dispersion medium

36
Q

An oil-in-water emulsion contains how many percent water

A

greater than 31% water

37
Q

This type of formulation is most commonly chosen to deliver a dermatologic drug.

A

OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS

38
Q

contain a humectant (an agent that draws moisture into the skin), such as glycerin, propylene glycol, or polyethylene glycol (PEG), to prevent the cream from drying out.

A

Oil-in-water emulsions

39
Q

These formulations are water soluble, do not decompose, and do not support mold growth and therefore require no preservative additives

A

WATER-SOLUBLE BASES

40
Q

topical antifungal drugs and topical antibiotics (eg, mupirocin) are formulated in this base.

A

WATER-SOLUBLE BASES

41
Q

suitable for facial or hairy areas because after application, little residue remains

A

Gels

42
Q

incorporation of high concentrations of powders (up to 50%) into an ointment such as a hydrocarbon base or a water-in-oil emulsion

A

Paste

The powder must be insoluble in the ointment

43
Q

dissolution of two or more substances into homogenous clarity

A

SOLUTIONS

44
Q

hydroalcoholic solution with a concentration of alcohol of approximately 50%

A

tincture

45
Q

nonaqueous solution of pyroxylin in a mixture with ether and ethanol and is applied to the skin with a soft brush

A

Collodion

46
Q

nonaqueous solutions of drugs in oil or alcoholic solutions of soap

A

Liniments

47
Q

two-phase system consisting of a finely divided, insoluble drug dispersed into a liquid in a concentration of up to 20%

A

SUSPENSIONS (LOTIONS)

48
Q

lotions to which a powder is added to increase the surface area of evaporation

A

Shake lotions

49
Q

triphasic liquids composed of oil, organic solvents, and water, kept under pressure in aluminum cans

A

Foam

FITZPATRICK'S DERMATOLOGY 9TH EDITION (SHAMMY) (122 decks)

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