24 - 161 - YEAST INFECTIONS Flashcards
most common culprit in fatal fungal sepsis
Candida
most commonly implicated Candida species in localized mucocutaneous candidiasis
Candida albicans
In the interdigital spaces, particularly the third webspace of the hands, a macerated whitish plaque on erythematous background may be seen, especially in patients with chronic exposure to moisture from wet work
erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica
features of Candidal onychomycosis (in contrast to dermatophytes)
- more often seen in the fingernails than in the toenails
- often associated with pain on pressure or movement of the nail plate (both of these features are in contrast to dermatophytes), and
- more often affects the dominant hand
may be an important clue to the diagnosis of candidemia
discrete sparse lesions ranging from **erythematous papules **with central pallor or necrosis to erythematous nodules to (less commonly) plaques
classic clinical triad of candidemia
fever, rash, and myalgia
Risk factors for localized/superficial Candida infections
extremes of age; diabetes; obesity; pregnancy; HIV/AIDS (although prevalence has decreased significantly in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy) ; and use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressive medications, specifically anti–IL-17-blocking medications
the use of this biologic predisposes a patient for Candida infections
anti–IL-17-blocking medications
KOH finding of candida infection
pseudohyphae and budding yeast
First-line treatment of localized cutaneous candidiasis
topical formulations of imidazoles (ketoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, econazole)
First and second line treatment of candidal paronychia
First and second line treatment of candidal onychomycosis
First-line treatment of Candida onychomycosis
itraconazole given orally as pulsed dosing at 400 mg daily for 1 week monthly or 200 mg daily continuous dosing, for a total minimum duration of 4 weeks for fingernail and 12 weeks for toenail disease
most commonly isolated species in pityriasis versicolor and Malassezia folliculitis
Malassezia globosa
The hypopigmentation seen especially in darker-skinned patients is thought to be a result of the production of what substance?
azelaic acid
wood lamp finding of malassezia
yellow-green fluorescence
KOH finding of malassezia
short hyphae and yeast forms (the “ziti and meatballs” sign;
Treatment Algorithm for Cutaneous Malassezia Infections
