27 - 178 - SCABIES, OTHER MITES AND PEDICULOSIS Flashcards
Incubation period of Scabies
4 - 6 weeks
What is the parasite in scabies
Sarcoptes scabiei var. homini
The scabies mite is able to live for ____ days away from the host in a sterile test tube, and for ____ days if placed in mineral oil mounts.
3 days
7 days
The female mite, by a combination of chewing and body motions, is able to excavate a sloping burrow of ______mm/day in the stratum corneum to the boundary of the stratum granulosum
0.5 to 5 mm/day
Lifespan of scabies in the skin
30 days
Scabies eggs hatch in how many days
10 - 12 days
In scabies, after the larvae molt, they become nymphs which can only survive_____ days off host.
2 to 5
Pruritus typically appears how many weeks after initial infestation
4 to 6 weeks
Pathognomonic lesion of scabies
Burrow
What can you do to identify a burrow?
Identification of a burrow can be facilitated by rubbing a black felt-tip marker across an affected area. After the excess ink is wiped away with an alcohol pad, the burrow appears darker than the surrounding skin because of ink accumulation in the burrow.
Scrapings for mineral oil examination can be best taken from what sites?
Scrapings are best taken from a burrow, papule, or vesicle that is not excoriated.
A definitive diagnosis is made by microscopic identification of the scabies mites, eggs, or fecal pellets (scybala). This is accomplished by placing a drop of mineral oil over a burrow and then scraping longitudinally with a number 15 scalpel blade along the length of the burrow or a suspicious skin area, being careful not to cause bleeding.
The scrapings are then applied to a glass slide and examined under low power
In scabies, most treated individuals experience relief of symptoms within how many days after treatment
3 days
but patients must be informed that even after adequate scabicidal therapy, the rash and pruritus may persist for up to 4 weeks.
Differential diagnosis of scabies
Give at least 5 treatment options for scabies
Scabies treatment with antipruritic property
Crotamiton 10% cream
Apply for 8 hours on days 1, 2, 3 and 8
What anti scabies treatment is Considered safe in neonates and during pregnancy
Precipitated sulfur 5 - 10%
This medication has received a “black box” warning as well as restrictive labeling changes from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to greatly restrict its usage. Moreover, it is banned in California.
Black box” warning warns against usage in premature infants and individuals with known uncontrolled seizure disorders, as well as cautious usage in infants, children, and the elderly including people who weigh less than 50 kg (110 pounds) and over 65 years old may be at risk of serious neurotoxicity.
Lindane 1% lotion
Pregnant females, breastfeeding mothers, and children younger than age 2 years should limit their 2 applications (1 week apart) to how many hours only when using permethrin.
2 hours
Ivermectin has been approved since 1996 by the FDA for treatment of what 2 diseases
onchocerciasis
Strongyloidiasis
Give 5 treatment options for pediculosis capitis aside from permethrin
