23 - 150 - SUPERFICIAL CUTANEOUS INFECTIONS AND PYODERMAS Flashcards
most common cause of superficial purulent skin infections (pyodermas)
S. AUREUS
Pitted keratolysis is caused by what organisms?
Kytococcus sedentarius,
Dermatophilus congolensis
Corynebacterium spp.,
Erythrasma is caused by which organism
Corynebacterium minutissimum
Trichobacteriosis is caused by which oranism?
Cornebacterium spp.
S. Aureus is found permanently colonized in the anterior nares in approximately how many percent of individuals?
30%
Approximately ______% of healthy individuals are intermittent carriers of S. aureus at some site in the skin or mucosa
60%
most frequent cause of SSTIs that present to emergency departments
Community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA)
Where are the Sites of Colonization (Carrier State). Of S. Aureus
Sites of Colonization (Carrier State)
■ Anterior nares
■ Throat
■ Axillae, perineum
■ Hands
■ Involved skin in individuals with atopic dermatitis
Sites of Colonization of S. Aureus in Neonates (and Sites of Infection)
Sites of Colonization in Neonates (and Sites of Infection)
■ Skin
■ Umbilicus
■ Circumcision site
■ Conjunctivae
major risk factor for postoperative surgical wound infections
Nasal carriage of S. aureus
Staphylococcus aureus: impetigo. Erythema and honey-colored crusting on the nose and upper lip area (A), which can spread to involve the entire centrofacial region
Causative agent of nonbullous impetigo
S. aureus (most commonly), or GAS, or both in combination
bullous impetigo is cause by?
S. aureus strains that express certain exfoliative toxins that cleave desmoglein 1 in the epidermis, resulting in clusters of thin-roofed bullae, vesicles, and/or pustules
What protein in the epidermis is cleaved by exfoliative toxins in bullous impetigo?
DESMOGLEIN 1
T/F. Nikolsky sign is positive in bullous impetigo
False
Bullae usually arise on areas of grossly normal skin. The Nikolsky sign (sheet-like removal of epidermis by shearing pressure) is not present.
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represents superinfection of varicella lesions by S. aureus strains that express exfoliative toxins (bullous impetiginization).
bullous varicella
Ecthyma can be caused by what organisms
S. Aureus and/or GAS
Superficial folliculitis is also called
Follicular or Bockhart impetigo
secondary infection of miliaria of neonates by S. aureus
Periporitis staphylogenes
S. aureus infection of the eyelids, presenting with scaling or crusting of the eyelid margins, often with associated conjunctivitis
Staphylococcal blepharitis
deep folliculitis with perifollicular inflammation occurring in the bearded areas of the face and upper lip
Sycosis barbae
deep, chronic form of sycosis barbae associated with scarring, usually occurring as a circinate lesion
Lupoid sycosis
A central cicatrix surrounded by pustules and papules gives the appearance of lupus vulgaris
Pseudofolliculitis barbae. Multiple papules in the lower beard area caused by ingrowing of the curved hair shaft in a black man who shaves. If pustules are present, secondary Staphylococcus aureus infection must be ruled out.
How can you differentiate dermatophytic folliculitis from S. Aureus folliculitis?
In fungal infections, hairs are usually broken or loosened, and there are suppurative or granulomatous nodules rather than pustules. Also, in dermatophytic folliculitis, plucking of hairs is usually painless (see Chap. 160).
deep-seated inflammatory nodule that develops around a hair follicle, usually from a preceding, more superficial folliculitis and often evolves into an abscess.
Furuncle
A furuncle starts as a hard, tender, red folliculocentric nodule in hair-bearing skin that enlarges and becomes painful and fluctuant after several days (ie, undergoes abscess formation; Fig. 150-8A).
more extensive, deeper, communicating, infiltrated, and serious inflammatory lesion that develops when suppuration occurs in thick inelastic skin when multiple, closely set furuncles coalesce
Carbuncle
A carbuncle characteristically presents as an extremely painful lesion at the nape of the neck, the back, or thighs (Fig. 150-9). Fever and malaise are often present, and the patient may appear quite ill. The involved area is red and indurated, and multiple pustules soon appear on the surface, draining externally around multiple hair follicles. The lesion soon develops a yellow-gray irregular crater at the center, which may then heal slowly by granulating
purulent infection or abscess involving the bulbous distal end of a finger
Staphylococcal Whitlow (Felon)
Criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
Sa fitz, RR of > 24 nakalagay pero other sources say more than 20 lang
“systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which includes temperature higher than 38°C (100.4°F) or lower than 36°C (96.8°F), tachypnea exceeding 24 breaths per minute, tachycardia exceeding 90 beats per minute, or white blood cell count higher than 12,000 or less than 400 cells/µL”
