2 - 16 - MICROBIOME OF THE SKIN

Question 1

marker gene in bacterial studies

Answer 1

16S rRNA gene

Question 2

marker genes selected in mycobiome (fungi) studies have included either a single region or combined regions targeting what genes?

Answer 2

• 18S rRNA gene,
• 28S rRNA gene, and/or the
• internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions within fungal genome

Question 3

highly sebaceous sites (eg, forehead, retroauricular crease) were predominated by what bacteria?

Answer 3

C. acnes.

Question 4

Sites that included flexural or moist folds (eg, antecubital fossa, inguinal crease) harbored bacterial species that can grow favorably in humid conditions like what?

Answer 4

Corynebacterium spp. and Staphylococcus spp.

Question 5

The skin microbiome in neonates soon after delivery resembles what microbiome communnity after vaginal delivery?

Answer 5

maternal vaginal communities

By the second day of life, the site specificity of skin bacterial communities is observable

Question 6

The skin microbiome in neonates soon after delivery resembles what microbiome communnity after CS?

Answer 6

maternal skin communities

Question 7

Skin Microbiome Findings in acne

Answer 7

• Different strains of Cutibacterium acnes associated with acne patients versus controls;
• staphylococci are also associated with acne patients

Question 8

Skin Microbiome Findings in atopic dermatitis

Answer 8

• Increased relative abundances of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis observed in flared skin;
• different** S. aureus clonal strains** associated with atopic dermatitis;
• **higher fungal diversity **associated with atopic dermatitis as compared to controls.

Question 9

Skin Microbiome Findings in diabetic skin and wouds

Answer 9

• Bacterial communities in diabetic skin are** less diverse**;
• diabetic wounds associated with staphylococci and some fungi.

Question 10

Skin Microbiome Findings in Primary immunodeficiency syndrome-associated dermatitis

Answer 10

• Higher numbers of different fungi with increased Aspergillus and Candida.

Question 11

Skin Microbiome Findings in psoriasis

Answer 11

• Lesional skin associated with decreased bacterial diversity;
• higher fungal diversity observed in psoriasis versus controls.

Question 12

Malassezia spp. predominate in most skin sites, except what area?

Answer 12

feet

Question 13

Mycobiome studies showed that the predominant Malassezia spp on the head is?

Answer 13

M. restricta was predominant on the head

Question 14

Mycobiome studies showed that the predominant Malassezia spp on the truncal areas is?

Answer 14

M. globosa

Question 14

In the studies examining fungal communities of feet, what fungal species predominate?

Answer 14

non-Malassezia fungi (eg, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Epicoccum, Rhodotorula) predominated