27 - 181 - ARTHROPOD BITES AND STINGS

Question 1

often black in color and have a red, hourglassshaped marking on their abdomens

Answer 1

Members of the Latrodectus genus, or widow spiders

Question 2

• Within the first 30 minutes, localized erythema, piloerection, and sweating may appear at the wound site
• A sensation of numbness or aching pain may develop shortly after the bite
• may produce agonizing crampy abdominal pain and muscle spasm that may mimic an acute abdomen

Answer 2

Bites of the black widow spider (L. mactans)

Question 3

Black widow venom contains what neurotoxin?

Answer 3

neurotoxin** α-latrotoxin**

Question 4

nonaggressive spiders characterized by a dark brown marking on their cephalothorax in the** shape of a fiddle or violin**

Answer 4

Members of the Loxosceles genus, also called recluse spiders or fiddle-back spiders

Question 5

characteristic hallmark of a brown recluse bite

Answer 5

The hallmark **“red, white, and blue” sign **of a brown recluse bite is characterized by a central violaceous area surrounded by a rim of blanched skin that is further surrounded by a large asymmetric erythematous area

Question 6

major component of the brown recluse spider venom

Answer 6

Sphingomyelinase D

Question 7

These spiders are brown in color with a gray herringbone pattern on the abdomen

Answer 7

Tegenaria agrestis, the hobo spider or “aggressive house spider,”

The hobo spider typically builds funnel-shaped webs in crawl spaces, basements, wood piles, and bushes.

Question 8

The most common systemic symptom after a hobo spider bite

Answer 8

severe headache

Question 9

• distinguished from other mites by the presence of a barbed hypostome, which is inserted into the skin for feeding

Answer 9

Ticks

Question 10

When searching for a suitable host, these insects exhibit a unique behavior called “questing” during which the they crawls to the edge of a leaf or blade of grass and holds its front pair of legs stretched out to grab onto a passing host

Answer 10

hard ticks

Question 11

diseases transmitted by ticks

Answer 11

Lyme disease, ehrlichiosis, babesiosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Colorado tick fever, Q fever, and tularemia

Question 12

bites are usually painless, as it introduces an anesthetic and anticoagulant substance when biting.

Answer 12

tick

Question 13

potentially lethal complication of tick infestation and is thought to be caused by a neurotoxin contained within tick salivary secretions

Answer 13

Tick paralysis

Question 14

• have 2 pairs of legs per body segment, usually feed on living and dead plant matter
• They lack poison claws and neither bite nor sting
• They possess repugnatorial glands on either side of each segment and may emit a toxic substance if threatened

Answer 14

Millipedes

Question 15

linked with infections by both dengue and zika viruses.

Answer 15

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

Question 16

infestation caused by penetration of the adult female flea into human skin to lay eggs

Answer 16

tungiasis

Tungidae family contains a tropical flea species called Tunga penetrans (the sand flea, chigoe flea, or jigger) that is the etiologic agent of tungiasis

Question 17

Its venom contains a nonproteinaceous, hemolytic factor identified as a** dialkylpiperidine, solenopsin D, **which induces mast cell degranulation

Answer 17

fire ants (Solenopsis invicta)

Question 18

capable of inflicting an intensely painful sting, and may produce a characteristic** train-track pattern of purpura at the sting site**

Answer 18

Megalopyge opercularis (asp or puss caterpillar)

Question 18

The most effective repellent for all biting flies, including mosquitoes

Answer 18

N,N-diethyl-3-m (DEET, previously diethyltoluamide)

Generally, a product containing 10% to 30% DEET provides adequate protection