Women's Health / Endometrial Cancer

Question 1

What are the risk factors for endometrial cancer?

Answer 1

• Exposure to exogenous or endogenous unopposed estrogen (ie, without progestins)
• diabetes
• hypertension

Question 2

What are examples of exogenous estrogen?

Answer 2

• Estrogen replacement therapy
• tamoxifen

Question 3

What are examples of endogenous estrogen?

Answer 3

• chronic anovulation secondary to PCOS
• obesity
• estrogen-secreting tumors

Question 4

What are protective factors for the development of endometrial cancer?

Answer 4

• oral contraceptives (progestin suppresses endometrial proliferation)
• physical activity

Question 5

What is the classic presentation of endometrial cancer?

Answer 5

A postmenopausal woman with uterine bleeding

Question 6

What percentage of women with endometrial cancer present with AUB?

Answer 6

90%

Question 7

What percentage of postmenopausal women with uterine bleeding will have endometrial cancer?

Answer 7

5%-20%

Question 8

How do perimenopausal women with endometrial cancer present?

Answer 8

• Abnormal uterine bleeding (eg, menometrorrhagia)

Question 9

What are the diagnostic tests for endometrial cancer?

Answer 9

• endometrial biopsy (high sensitivity)
• hysteroscopy with dilation and curettage (the gold standard)
• transvaginal ultrasound

Question 10

Postmenopausal women with an endometrial thickness less than 5 mm have a low risk of endometrial disease. True or false?

Answer 10

True