Family Planning/ Infertility#

Question 1

What is infertility?

Answer 1

Failure to conceive after 1 year of unprotected sex

Question 2

What percentage of couples experience infertility?

Answer 2

15%

Question 3

What is the monthly probability of pregnancy among fertile couples?

Answer 3

20%

Question 4

What is the cumulative probability of pregnancy among fertile couples after 12 months?

Answer 4

93%

Question 5

What are common causes of a female etiology for infertility?

Answer 5

• Anovulation or oligoovulation (polycystic ovarian syndrome, obesity)
• tubal interruption from PID
• pelvic adhesions or endometriosis
• aging oocytes
• uterine abnormalities, such as
  
  • submucosal fibroid
  • septate uterus
  • endometrial polyp
  • synechiae

Question 6

How can you induce ovulation in an anovulatory patient?

Answer 6

Clomiphene citrate and gonadotropins

Question 7

What is the mechanism of action of clomiphene citrate?

Answer 7

Blocks estrogen receptors and causes negative feedback on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis to increase FSH secretion

Question 8

What tests are indicated in the infertility workup for azoospermia ?

Answer 8

• Semen analysis
  
  • semen volume
  • sperm concentration
  • motility
  • morphology

Question 9

What tests are indicated in the infertility workup for anovulation?

Answer 9

• Midluteal serum progesterone level
• urine LH surge detection
• basal body temperature curve

Question 10

What tests are indicated in the infertility workup for uterine abnormality?

Answer 10

• hysterosalpingography
• hysteroscopy
• ultrasound

Question 11

What tests are indicated in the infertility workup for Tubal obstruction?

Answer 11

Laparoscopy