Public Health & Preventive Health_Preventive Exam Screening Flashcards
In general, what factors influence recommendations for national programmes for screening health conditions?
- the degree of suffering from the disease (ie, death, disability)
- the utilityof the screening test(ie, sensitivity, specificity, simplicity, availability, cost)
- the cost and clinical effectiveness of treatments for abnormal screening tests
How are recommendations regarding cancer screens are graded?
- A = strongly recommends the service; good evidence that benefit > harm
- B = recommends the service; at least fair evidence that benefit > harm
- C = no recommendation for/against the service; at least fair evidence that the service improves health outcomes but benefit ≡ harm
- D = recommends against routine administration of the service to asymptomatic patients; at least fair evidence that harm > benefit
- I = insuffcient evidence for/ against routine administration
Colorectal Cancer screening
Cervical cancer screening
Breast cancer screening
Prostate cancer screening
What should be screened for abdominal aortic aneurysms, with abdominal ultrasonography?
- males aged 65 to 75, who are current or former smokers
- surgical repair of aneuryms which are more than 5.5 centimeters, reduces death associated with Triple As
Who should be screened for gonorrhea?
- sexually active women regardless of pregnancy status, who are at risk for gonorrhea infection e.g.
- under the age of 25, or
- with a history of prior sexually transmitted infection
- New or multiple sexual partner
- inconsistent condom use sex worker or drug use.
Who should be screened for chlamydia?
- sexually active women aged 24, and younger
- women aged 25 and older who are at increased risk.
Who should be screened for HIV?
- all pregnant women
- anyone requesting HIV testing
- all adolescents and adults at increased risk for HIV infection.
- Men who have had sex with men
- those who have unprotected sex with multiple partners
- injection drug use
- sex work
- sexual partners with HIV.
- history of blood transfusion between 1978 and 1985.
Who should be screened for diabetes mellitus?
- Adults with sustained blood pressure, either treated or untreated > 135/80
Who should be treated for loopy disorders?
- Men age 35 and older, and women aged 45 and older with risk factors for coronary artery disease.
Who should be screened for osteoporosis?
- women aged 65 and older
- women aged 60 to 64 with risk factors, such as
- body mass less than 70 kilograms.
- Previous fracture
- glucocorticoid
- smoking
- excessive alcohol consumption.
What is the definition of at-risk alcohol drinking?
- more than 14 drinks per week or more than four drinks per occasion men
- more than seven drinks per week or more than three drinks per occasion for women
What questions are used to screen for depression?
- Over the past two weeks have you felt down, depressed or hopeless?
- Over the past two weeks have you felt a little interest or pleasure in doing things?
Asking these two questions may be as effective as formal instruments.
True or False? Does physician advice increase the rate of smoking cessation?
True
What treatments can be used to assist with tobacco cessation?
- Nicotine replacement - And this includes patch, gum, inhaler or nasal spray.
- Bupropion
- Varenicline.
What medical conditions are a contraindication to prescribing Bupropion?
- seizure
- anorexia nervosa
- bulimia nervosa.
What side effects are possible with verincline.
- Nausea is seen in 30% of patients.
- A patient should take the medication after eating in with a full glass of water
- suicidality, depression, agitation and worsening of pre-existing psychiatric illness are rare.
