Public Health & Preventive Health_Preventive Exam Screening Flashcards
In general, what factors influence recommendations for national programmes for screening health conditions?
- the degree of suffering from the disease (ie, death, disability)
- the utilityof the screening test(ie, sensitivity, specificity, simplicity, availability, cost)
- the cost and clinical effectiveness of treatments for abnormal screening tests
How are recommendations regarding cancer screens are graded?
- A = strongly recommends the service; good evidence that benefit > harm
- B = recommends the service; at least fair evidence that benefit > harm
- C = no recommendation for/against the service; at least fair evidence that the service improves health outcomes but benefit ≡ harm
- D = recommends against routine administration of the service to asymptomatic patients; at least fair evidence that harm > benefit
- I = insuffcient evidence for/ against routine administration
Colorectal Cancer screening
Cervical cancer screening
Breast cancer screening
Prostate cancer screening
What should be screened for abdominal aortic aneurysms, with abdominal ultrasonography?
- males aged 65 to 75, who are current or former smokers
- surgical repair of aneuryms which are more than 5.5 centimeters, reduces death associated with Triple As
Who should be screened for gonorrhea?
- sexually active women regardless of pregnancy status, who are at risk for gonorrhea infection e.g.
- under the age of 25, or
- with a history of prior sexually transmitted infection
- New or multiple sexual partner
- inconsistent condom use sex worker or drug use.
Who should be screened for chlamydia?
- sexually active women aged 24, and younger
- women aged 25 and older who are at increased risk.
Who should be screened for HIV?
- all pregnant women
- anyone requesting HIV testing
- all adolescents and adults at increased risk for HIV infection.
- Men who have had sex with men
- those who have unprotected sex with multiple partners
- injection drug use
- sex work
- sexual partners with HIV.
- history of blood transfusion between 1978 and 1985.
Who should be screened for diabetes mellitus?
- Adults with sustained blood pressure, either treated or untreated > 135/80
Who should be treated for loopy disorders?
- Men age 35 and older, and women aged 45 and older with risk factors for coronary artery disease.
Who should be screened for osteoporosis?
- women aged 65 and older
- women aged 60 to 64 with risk factors, such as
- body mass less than 70 kilograms.
- Previous fracture
- glucocorticoid
- smoking
- excessive alcohol consumption.
What is the definition of at-risk alcohol drinking?
- more than 14 drinks per week or more than four drinks per occasion men
- more than seven drinks per week or more than three drinks per occasion for women
What questions are used to screen for depression?
- Over the past two weeks have you felt down, depressed or hopeless?
- Over the past two weeks have you felt a little interest or pleasure in doing things?
Asking these two questions may be as effective as formal instruments.
