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General Medicine & Family Medicine > Mental Health_ ADHD > Flashcards

Mental Health_ ADHD Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of the population has been diagnosed with ADHD?

A

5%

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2
Q

ADHD symptoms can be grouped into which 3 categories?

A
  • Hyperactivity
  • impulsivity
  • inattention
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3
Q

Describe the following ADHD symptoms - Hyperactivity

A
  • Excessive fidgetiness or talking
  • difficulty playing quietly
  • frequent restlessness
  • difficulty remaining seated
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4
Q

Describe the following ADHD symptoms - Impulsivity

A
  • Blurting out answers too quickly
  • difficulty waiting turns
  • interrupting others’ activities
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5
Q

Describe the following ADHD symptoms - Inattention

A
  • Forgetfulness
  • losing or misplacing things
  • disorganization
  • poor attention to detail
  • being easily distracted
  • avoiding tasks that require sustained mental effort
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6
Q

ADHD - Symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity should persist for how long?

A
  • at least 6 months
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7
Q

ADHD - Impairment should be present before which age?

A
  • Before 7 years of age
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8
Q

ADHD - Impairment should occur in how many settings?

A
  • In 2 or more settings (social, academic, occupational)
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9
Q

ADHD - What conditions should be excluded?

A
  • Other mental disorders that could account for the symptoms
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10
Q

In evaluating a patient with ADHD symptoms, what other conditions should be considered?

A
  • Learning disabilities
  • intellectual disability
  • depression
  • bipolar disease
  • anxiety
  • post-traumatic stress disorder
  • conduct disorder
  • oppositional defiant disorder
  • substance abuse
  • stressful home environment
  • lead poisoning
  • hearing/visual impairment
  • asthma
  • fetal alcohol syndrome
  • thyroid abnormalities
  • sleep disorders
  • seizure disorders
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11
Q

True or false ?
Information obtained from parents, alone,
is sufficient to make a diagnosis of ADHD.

A
  • The answer is false information from parents or caregivers and teachers is needed to make the diagnosis.
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12
Q

True or False?
Routine diagnostic tests such as lead levels, thyroid tests and EG is indicated to establish the diagnosis of ADHD.

A

The answer is false. These tests are not routine, but can be used as deemed necessary based on history and physical examination to assess the existence of coexisting conditions.

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13
Q

What percentage of children with ADHD have one or more comorbid conditions such as Oppositional Defiant Disorder, conduct disorder in depression?

A

50%

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14
Q

What medications can be used to treat ADHD?

A
  • Stimulant. eg. methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, and mixed amphetamine salts).
  • Atomoxetine
  • tricyclic antidepressants
  • Bupropion
  • Clonidine
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15
Q

PositivePositive responds to a trial or stimulants confirms the diagnosis of ADHD.
True or False?

A
  • False - children with learning disabilities and depression will also respond to stimulants.
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16
Q

What side effects are associated with stimulants?

A
  • Anorexia 80%
  • Sleep disturbances up to 85%
  • tics 15 to 30%,
  • weight loss, 10 to 15%.
  • Mania
  • increased heart rate
  • increased blood pressure
  • nervousness
  • deceleration of linear growth, though adult height is not affected.
17
Q

Tourette syndrome is an absolute contraindication for stimulant therapy in patients with ADHD. True or False?

A
  • False-children with Tourette syndrome and ADHD can benefited from certain doses of stimulants without the worsening of ticks.
18
Q

Do stimulants, increase the risk of sudden cardiac death in patients without known cardiac disease?

A
  • no studies have established a causal relationship.
  • However, the FDA recommended that stimulants carry the warning after there were reports of sudden unexpected death in children on stimulants.
19
Q

Are ECG needed or recommended before initiating stimulant therapy?

A

ECG is not needed before initiating stimulation therapy, unless the child is known to have cardiac disease, or the history or physical exam is suggestive of cardiac disease.

20
Q

What percentage of children with ADHD, will continue to have symptoms into adult life?

A

30 to 70%.

21
Q

Diagnosing ADHD in adult patients requires that he or she meet DSM, four criteria. True or False?

A

True, the provider should inquire about

  • Academy grades
  • conduct in school
  • psychiatry history
  • and should consider obtaining evidence with patient consent from a patient’s employer, spouse, or co workers.
22
Q
A

General Medicine & Family Medicine (150 decks)

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