Cardiology_Paediatric Cardiology

Question 1

what is the main concern if an infant tires easily.(sweating heavy,breathing) while eating ?

Answer 1

• possible presence of congenital heart defect.

Question 2

What causes sound of a murmur?

Answer 2

Turbulent blood flow

Question 3

name five innocent murmurs of childhood.

Answer 3

• Still
• peripheral pulmonic stenosis
• carotid innominate bruit
• venous harm
• pulmonary outflow murmur

Question 4

What does Still murmur sound like?

Answer 4

• musical, twangy, like a rubber band loudest at the apex

Question 5

where does the peripheral pulmonic stenosis radiate?

Answer 5

• it is an ejection murmur that radiate to the axilla, and backs

Question 6

When does peripheral pulmonic stenosis disappear?

Answer 6

• between six and 12 months.

Question 7

What is a PDA?

Answer 7

Patent ductus arteriosus - connection remains between the aorta and the pulmonary artery.

Question 8

What does the murmur of PDA sound like?

Answer 8

• a continuous machine-like murmur

Question 9

When does the patent ductus arterious usually close?

Answer 9

• early in the neonatal period

Question 10

In order, what are the most common congenital cardic defects?

Answer 10

• ventral septal defect(VSD)
• pulmonary stenosis
• atrial septal defect(ASD)
• coarctation of the aorta

Question 11

What might a mumur of VSD not be appreciable on the first day of life?

Answer 11

• High PA pressures on day one may diminish left to right shunting

Question 12

what physical examination findings help rule out diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta?

Answer 12

• Strong equal palpable femoral pulses
• equl uppper and lower extremity BP
• well-perfused lower extremities

Question 13

what are the congenitally acquired cyanotic heart abnormalities?

Answer 13

• Tetralogy of fallot
• transposition of the great vessels
• truncus arteriosus
• Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
• tricuspid atresia.

Question 14

What are the congenitally acquired acyanotic heart abnormalities?

Answer 14

• Ventral septal defect
• atrial septal defect
• Patent ductus arteriosus.

Question 15

What are the four anomalies of tetralogy of Fallot?

Answer 15

• overriding aorta
• right ventricular hypertrophy
• Ventricular Septal Defect
• right ventricular outflow tract obstruction.

Question 16

Describe transposition of the great vessels.

Answer 16

• The aorta arises from the right ventricle, carrying non-oxygenised blood to the systemic circulation.
• The pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle, carrying oxygenated blood to the lungs.

Question 17

What is truncus arteriosus?

Answer 17

• A single blood vessel, instead of a pulmonary artery and aorta emerges from the ventricles, usually overriding a VSD

Question 18

Besides congenital heart disease, what are the other causes of cyanosis in the newborn?

Answer 18

• intrinsic pulmonary disease in central nervous system depression.