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General Medicine & Family Medicine > Dermatology/ Superficial Fungal Infections > Flashcards

Dermatology/ Superficial Fungal Infections Flashcards

1
Q

How can superficial fungal infections be diagnosed in the office using microscopy?

A
  • Combine loose hair, scale, or subungual debris with 1-2 drops of 10%-20% KOH on a slide.
  • Gently heat the slide and look for septate, branching, rod-shaped fungal elements (hyphae).
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2
Q

What is a dermatophyte?

A

A fungus capable of living on the keratin found in hair, skin, and nails

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3
Q

What three genera of fungi are collectively referred to as dermatophytes?

A
  1. Microsporum
  2. Trichophyton
  3. Epidermophyton
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4
Q

Which dermatophyte is the most common cause of superficial fungal infections?

A

Trichophyton rubrum

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5
Q

Tinea capitis is a fungal infection … of

A

Scalp

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6
Q

Tinea faciei is a fungal infection of ….

A

face

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7
Q

Tinea barbae is fungal infection of the …

A

beard

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8
Q

Tinea corporis is fungal infection of the …

A

trunk and extremities

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9
Q

Tinea cruris is fungal infection of the …

A

Groin

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10
Q

Tinea manuum is fungal infection of the …

A

Hands

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11
Q

Tinea pedis is fungal infection of the …

A

feet

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12
Q

Tinea unguim is fungal infection of the …

A

nails

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13
Q

How does tinea corporis (ringworm) classically present?

A
  • Well-demarcated scaling plaque with a red, elevated, advancing border and an area of central clearing
  • may include pustules and vesicles at the margins
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14
Q

What is the most common cause of tinea capitis in the United States?

A

Trichophyton tonsurans infections

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15
Q

Describe the four classic clinical presentations of tinea capitis.

A
  1. Seborrheic: scaly dandruff
  2. Black-dot: patches of hair loss due to breakage at scalp surface
  3. Kerion: tender, boggy scalp mass with enlarged posterior cervical lymph nodes
  4. Favus: oval patches of hair loss with golden crust
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16
Q

What is the preferred treatment for tinea capitis?

A

Oral griseofulvin for at least 4 weeks

17
Q

Describe the three clinical patterns of tinea pedis.

A
  1. Interdigital: scaling in web spaces between toes
  2. Moccasin-type: scaling on soles and lateral feet
  3. Inflammatory/vesiculobullous: vesicles on lateral aspect of feet
18
Q

What type of tinea infection is often associated with a dermatophytid reaction (id reaction = acute cutaneous reaction at distant site)?

A

Tinea pedis. It can result in a generalized immunologic reaction producing a vesicular eruption at distant sites (ie, hand dermatitis) that resolves with treatment of the primary infection.

19
Q

How is tinea unguium treated?

A

Griseofulvin, Itraconazole, or Terbinafine

20
Q

Excluding tinea capitis and tinea unguium, what is an appropriate treatment approach for most tinea infections?

A

Topical therapy with fungicidal allylamines (terbinafine or naftifine)

21
Q

What are the potential complications of using combined steroid-antifungal agents?

A
  • skin atrophy
  • steroid-induced acne
  • striae
22
Q

What are the nondermatophyte organisms that typically cause tinea versicolor?

A
  • Pityrosporum orbiculare or Malassezia furfur
23
Q

How does tinea versicolor present?

A

Hypopigmented or hyperpigmented erythematous macules with fine scale predominantly on the trunk

24
Q

What is seen with a KOH preparation of tinea versicolor?

A

A “spaghetti and meatball” pattern with short hyphae and yeast

25
Q

Describe the clinical patterns of Candidal intertrigo

A

Well-demarcated confluent pustules on an erythematous base with satellite pustules at the periphery within skin folds

26
Q

Describe the clinical patterns of Thrush

A

Adherent, cottage cheese-like plaques on the oral mucosa

27
Q

Describe the clinical patterns of Perleche

A

Angular cheilitis with erythema, fissuring at the corner of the mouth

28
Q

Clinical patterns of Paronychia

A

Infection of the proximal nail fold that presents with tenderness, erythema, and hyperkeratosis

29
Q

What is the preferred topical therapy for superficial candidal infections?

A

Nystatin

30
Q

What are the three most common causes of a red groin rash?

A
  1. Tinea cruris (scale)
  2. Candidal intertrigo (satellite pustules)
  3. Erythrasma ( Corynebacterium that fluoresces coralred on Wood lamp exam)

General Medicine & Family Medicine (150 decks)

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