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UWorld journal > Why do I bother with names > Flashcards

Why do I bother with names Flashcards

1
Q

This is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults

A

Membranous Glomerulopathy

85 % are idiopathic

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2
Q

85% of Membranous glomerulopathy is idiopathic, but what’s bout that 15%?

A

secondary to
systemic: DM, solid tumor
Rx s/e: gold, penicillamine, nsaids
Infections: Hep B, c, malaria

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3
Q

What is the treatment for radioactive iodine exposure

A

potassium iodine

competitively inhibits radioactive uptake to prevent radiation induced carcinoma

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4
Q

What is the function of hormone sensitive lipase

A

lives in adipose
breaks down stored triglycerides –> FFA and glycerol
can provide substrate for gluconeogenesis

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5
Q

Uniform diffuse glomerular thickening without increased cellularity
spikes with silver stain
IgG and C3 deposits

A

membranous glomerulopathy

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of lead poisoning

A

Constipation
AMS
microcytic anemia
basophilic stippling

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7
Q

What does PAS stain

A

Glycoprotein

polysaccharides of fungal wall, mucosubstances, basement membrane

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8
Q

What stains neutral lipid

A

Nile Red

Sudan Black

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9
Q

What is Alkaline Phosphatase an enzyme marker of

A

Osteoblasts

Staining can help show bone tumor

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10
Q

What kind of drug is spironolactone

A

Aldosterone antagonist

spironolactone inhibits reabsorption of sodium, water

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11
Q

Name 2 aldosterone inhibitors

A

Spironolactone

Eplerenone

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12
Q

What is a function of the gallbladder

A

reabsorb water from the bile

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13
Q

How does cystinuria present

A

cystine kidney stone in childhood

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14
Q

What are brown pigment stones?

A

ass. w/ biliary tract infection

pigment stones arise from unconj. bilirubin

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15
Q

What are black pigment stones?

A

occurs in setting of hemolytic anemia

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16
Q

What are some common findings in sarcoidosis

A 
↑ Ace 
Erythema nodosum 
Arthralgia
Hilar Lymphadenopathy 
Scattered non caseating granulomas in liver
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17
Q

Periportal hepatic fibrosis is a pathologic finding in

A

Chronic viral hepatitis

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18
Q

What do NK cells express on cell surface

A

CD16, CD56

19
Q

Where do NK cells mature

A

TRICK! they do not need to mature like T cells. Present in athymic pts

20
Q

Do APCS use NK cells

A

No. NK can activate without exposure to antigen.

21
Q

What activates an NK cell

A

interferon gamma

IL 12

22
Q

How do NKs kill

A

kill cells with ↓ MHC 1 (virus/tumor cell)

contain perforins and granzymes in cytoplasmic granules

Induce apoptosis

23
Q

What is a a rare but serious side effect of antithyroid drugs

A

agranulocytosis

24
Q

Which of the Men’s shows a marfanoid habitus

A

Men Type 2 b.

B for Bunn

25
Q

Which of the men’s has 1o hyperparathyroid

A

Type 1

Hypercalcemia

26
Q

Which of the men’s has medullary thyroid cancer and pheochromo

A

2a and 2b

Tumor makes calcitonin

27
Q

How can you increase the sound heard in a VSD

A

increase afterload, like a handgrip maneuver

vsd= low pitched holosystolic murmur

28
Q

What is the prominent congenital long QT syndrome called

A

Jervell and Lange-Nielsen

long qt–> syncope and torsades de pointes

Also have neurosensory deafness

29
Q

What is Losartan

A

Angiotensin II receptor blocker

competitvly binds angio 2 receptor, blocking angio 2, –> vascular smooth m relaxation–> decreased aldosterone

30
Q

What do ANP and BNP do

A

act like NO

Increase cGMP–> relaxes smooth muscle–> vasodilation

31
Q

This is the active form of vitamin d

A

, 25- dihydroxycholecalciferol

32
Q

What is the insulin receptor made of

A

2 alpha and 2 beta units

alpha is extracellular- binds insulin
beta are internal and contain TK domain

33
Q

What binds UA Ca and prevents kidney stone via facilating ca excretion

A

Citrate

Potassium citrate may be prescribed to help stones when diet isn’t working

34
Q

Define tumor lysis syndrome

A

↑ tumor cell turn over with chemo–> ↑ K, Phos, and Uric acid

35
Q

Where is the lowest pH found in the nephron

A

distal tubules and collecting ducts

36
Q

What is Hageman factor

A

factor 12

deficiency usually not a problem

37
Q

WHat is DNA pol 1

A

in prokaryots

5’–>3’ exonuc activity
Removes RNA primer

38
Q

Where would an ulcer almost never be malignant

A

Duodenum

39
Q

What increases the risk of myopathy in statin use

A

Fibrates, particularly gemfibrozil

b/c they impair hepatic clearence of statin

40
Q

What is cholestyramine

A

bile acid sequestrant

41
Q

What heart findings are typical in carcinoid syndrome

A

right sided endocardial fibrosis–> pulm valve stenosis/ restrictive cardiomyopathy

42
Q

↑ plasma homocysteine has been linked to

A

Arterial and venous thrombosis and atherosclerosis

43
Q

How long to see the very first changes in an MI

A

4 hours to see any change (coag necrosis)

UWorld journal (51 decks)

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