Why do I bother with names

Question 1

This is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults

Answer 1

Membranous Glomerulopathy

85 % are idiopathic

Question 2

85% of Membranous glomerulopathy is idiopathic, but what’s bout that 15%?

Answer 2

secondary to
systemic: DM, solid tumor
Rx s/e: gold, penicillamine, nsaids
Infections: Hep B, c, malaria

Question 3

What is the treatment for radioactive iodine exposure

Answer 3

potassium iodine

competitively inhibits radioactive uptake to prevent radiation induced carcinoma

Question 4

What is the function of hormone sensitive lipase

Answer 4

lives in adipose
breaks down stored triglycerides –> FFA and glycerol
can provide substrate for gluconeogenesis

Question 5

Uniform diffuse glomerular thickening without increased cellularity
spikes with silver stain
IgG and C3 deposits

Answer 5

membranous glomerulopathy

Question 6

What are the symptoms of lead poisoning

Answer 6

Constipation
AMS
microcytic anemia
basophilic stippling

Question 7

What does PAS stain

Answer 7

Glycoprotein

polysaccharides of fungal wall, mucosubstances, basement membrane

Question 8

What stains neutral lipid

Answer 8

Nile Red

Sudan Black

Question 9

What is Alkaline Phosphatase an enzyme marker of

Answer 9

Osteoblasts

Staining can help show bone tumor

Question 10

What kind of drug is spironolactone

Answer 10

Aldosterone antagonist

spironolactone inhibits reabsorption of sodium, water

Question 11

Name 2 aldosterone inhibitors

Answer 11

Spironolactone

Eplerenone

Question 12

What is a function of the gallbladder

Answer 12

reabsorb water from the bile

Question 13

How does cystinuria present

Answer 13

cystine kidney stone in childhood

Question 14

What are brown pigment stones?

Answer 14

ass. w/ biliary tract infection

pigment stones arise from unconj. bilirubin

Question 15

What are black pigment stones?

Answer 15

occurs in setting of hemolytic anemia

Question 16

What are some common findings in sarcoidosis

Answer 16

↑ Ace 
Erythema nodosum 
Arthralgia
Hilar Lymphadenopathy 
Scattered non caseating granulomas in liver

Question 17

Periportal hepatic fibrosis is a pathologic finding in

Answer 17

Chronic viral hepatitis

Question 18

What do NK cells express on cell surface

Answer 18

CD16, CD56

Question 19

Where do NK cells mature

Answer 19

TRICK! they do not need to mature like T cells. Present in athymic pts

Question 20

Do APCS use NK cells

Answer 20

No. NK can activate without exposure to antigen.

Question 21

What activates an NK cell

Answer 21

interferon gamma

IL 12

Question 22

How do NKs kill

Answer 22

kill cells with ↓ MHC 1 (virus/tumor cell)

contain perforins and granzymes in cytoplasmic granules

Induce apoptosis

Question 23

What is a a rare but serious side effect of antithyroid drugs

Answer 23

agranulocytosis

Question 24

Which of the Men’s shows a marfanoid habitus

Answer 24

Men Type 2 b.

B for Bunn

Question 25

Which of the men's has 1o hyperparathyroid

Answer 25

Type 1 | Hypercalcemia

Question 26

Which of the men's has medullary thyroid cancer and pheochromo

Answer 26

2a and 2b | Tumor makes calcitonin

Question 27

How can you increase the sound heard in a VSD

Answer 27

increase afterload, like a handgrip maneuver vsd= low pitched holosystolic murmur

Question 28

What is the prominent congenital long QT syndrome called

Answer 28

Jervell and Lange-Nielsen long qt--> syncope and torsades de pointes Also have neurosensory deafness

Question 29

What is Losartan

Answer 29

Angiotensin II receptor blocker competitvly binds angio 2 receptor, blocking angio 2, --> vascular smooth m relaxation--> decreased aldosterone

Question 30

What do ANP and BNP do

Answer 30

act like NO | Increase cGMP--> relaxes smooth muscle--> vasodilation

Question 31

This is the active form of vitamin d

Answer 31

, 25- dihydroxycholecalciferol

Question 32

What is the insulin receptor made of

Answer 32

2 alpha and 2 beta units alpha is extracellular- binds insulin beta are internal and contain TK domain

Question 33

What binds UA Ca and prevents kidney stone via facilating ca excretion

Answer 33

Citrate Potassium citrate may be prescribed to help stones when diet isn't working

Question 34

Define tumor lysis syndrome

Answer 34

↑ tumor cell turn over with chemo--> ↑ K, Phos, and Uric acid

Question 35

Where is the lowest pH found in the nephron

Answer 35

distal tubules and collecting ducts

Question 36

What is Hageman factor

Answer 36

factor 12 | deficiency usually not a problem

Question 37

WHat is DNA pol 1

Answer 37

in prokaryots 5'-->3' exonuc activity Removes RNA primer

Question 38

Where would an ulcer almost never be malignant

Answer 38

Duodenum

Question 39

What increases the risk of myopathy in statin use

Answer 39

Fibrates, particularly gemfibrozil b/c they impair hepatic clearence of statin

Question 40

What is cholestyramine

Answer 40

bile acid sequestrant

Question 41

What heart findings are typical in carcinoid syndrome

Answer 41

right sided endocardial fibrosis--> pulm valve stenosis/ restrictive cardiomyopathy

Question 42

↑ plasma homocysteine has been linked to

Answer 42

Arterial and venous thrombosis and atherosclerosis

Question 43

How long to see the very first changes in an MI

Answer 43

4 hours to see any change (coag necrosis)