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UWorld journal > Neuro/Immune/MIS MASH! > Flashcards

Neuro/Immune/MIS MASH! Flashcards

1
Q

what is the principal stabilizing factor for secondary protein structure

A

H bonds

so this does alpha and beta sheet formation

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2
Q

All volatile anesthesia increases this

A
  • Cerebral blood flow

- Can create the bad effect of ↑ ICP

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3
Q

What are some important effects of anesthesia

A 
↑ Cerebral blood flow 
Myocardial depression 
Hypotension 
Resp depression 
↓ Renal fx
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4
Q

How does anesthesia work

A

Main: ↑ GABA

Maybe: Hyperpolarize neurons via K channel

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5
Q

What makes people sick after chemotherapy

A

Chemoreceptor trigger zone

Is on the dorsal medulla

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6
Q

If you need to treat delirium what do you use

A

Alwaysfix underlying problem but

haloperidol- typical anti psycotic
Well tolerated at low doses

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7
Q

What is the name of vertebral movements

A

subluxation

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8
Q

What part of the spine do people w/ RA tend to have problems with

A

Cervical spine

May have laxity/ subluxation

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9
Q

How does Lamotrigine work/what s/e is concerning

A

SZ drug

Blocks voltage gated Na channels

s/e: 1% get steven johnson syndrome

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10
Q

What is Sertraline

A

SSRI

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11
Q

What is the most common side effect of SSRI

A

sexual dysfunction

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12
Q

What type of drugs are:

Chlorpromazine, fluphenazine

Compare the potency

A

Low pot: Chlorpromazine. ↑ anti-chol

High pot: Fluphenazine. ↑ EPS

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13
Q

This disorder is charachterized by feeling detached from self. Feelings of unrelaity.
Aware

A

Depersonalization disorder

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14
Q

This is an opiod antagonist that helps treat alcohol cravings

A

Naltrexone

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15
Q

What does saltatory conduction mean

A

Propagation of action potential

latin for hop- hop from node to node

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16
Q

What does a left frontal lobe lesion lead to

A

Apathy

Depression

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17
Q

What does a right frontal lobe lesion lead to

A

Disinhibited behavior

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18
Q

What is Picks Disease

A

Frontotemporal dementia

Loss of frontal lobe

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19
Q

Pick disease s/s

A

Frontal lobe problem

Personality and behavior changes

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20
Q

What is transference

A

It is EXACTLY like displacement except:

displacement: current person

Transference: past person (daddy issue)

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21
Q

Friedreich ataxia basics

A

FXN gene GAA repeat

s/s

  • Gait ataxia
  • Loss of position/vibration
  • Kyphoscoliosis/ foot abnormal
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
  • DM
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22
Q

What brain problem is usually seen in ADPKD

A

Berry aneurysm

usually in circle of willis–> SAH

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23
Q

What genetic disease has lots of acoustic neurmos

A

Nf2

chromo 22

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24
Q

Gene mutation in neurofibroma 2

A

nf2 gene (chomo 22) –> protein merlin

*Acustic Neruoma

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25
Q

gene mutation in neurofibromo 1

A

nf1 gene (chromo 17) –> neurofibromin

cafe au lait spots
neurofibroma
lisch nodules

26
Q

What brain involvement is typical for huntigtons

A

Caudate and putaman loss of neurons

27
Q

What is a quadricep muscle

A

The front leg muscles

rectus femoris, vast lat, vast med, vast intermed

28
Q

What lab ddx stuff should you see in wilson’s

A

↑ Copper on liver biopsy
↑ Copper in UA

↓ Ceruloplasmin (copper transport)

29
Q

Wilson’s gene defect

A

AR ATP7b defect

Messes up liver processing of copper

30
Q

What is psychodynamic therapy

A

figure out insight into unresolved issue from childhood

31
Q

WHat is Supportive psychotherapy

A

Bolsters adaptive defence to help with coping

32
Q

What is the best therapy for specfic phobia

A

Behavior Therapy - exposure

33
Q

In embryology what gives rise to the glomuli

A

Metanephric mesoderm (blastema) gives rise to the glomuli

34
Q

What in embryo gives rise to the collecting system (tubes, major/minor calyx, pelvis, urter)

A

Ureteric bud

35
Q

What is most common muscle injury in rotator cuff

A

Supraspinatus muscle injury

36
Q

What does supraspinatus do

A

aBduct

37
Q

What does Anicteric mean

A

silent or subclinical

38
Q

What is the age of onset for a neuroblastoma

A

0- 2 years old

s/s: non-rhythmic conjugate eye movements with myoclonus

39
Q

What is neuroblastoma

A

develops from neuroblasts in the adrenal medulla

usually ↑ N-Myc

“most common extracranial neoplasm in children”

40
Q

What is the rare/dangerous side effect of trazodone

A

Priapism- aka boner

Traza-BONE

41
Q

How does trazodone work

A

serotonin modulator - inhibits 5ht reuptake and atags post-snap 5ht

42
Q

What structure does the compression in carpal tunnel

A

Transverse carpal ligament compresses the median nerve

43
Q

What receptor does uterus relaxation

A

b2

44
Q

What is another name for/ the deal with global cerebral ischemia

A

Ischemic- hypoxic encephalopathy

profound cerebral hypoperfusion–> ischemia/ watershed infarcts

45
Q

What is encephalopathy

A

a broad term to describe anything that messes with the brain

46
Q

What rx is unique and special about carbamazepine

A

1st line rx for trigeminal neuralgia

in clinic you know it needed sz drug, + that chubby mexican girl ate so many CARBs
–> couldn’t see the face defect

47
Q

Where is a acoustic schwannoma usually found

A

cerebello pontine angle

The “swan” princess “bella” lived in the “PONd”

48
Q

What would it look like if an acustic schwanoma got really big

A

cerabella-pontine CN would be disrupted

CN 5, 7, and 8

49
Q

What does clozapine treat, wheat needs to be monitored

A 
Clozapine= atypical antipsych (d2 antag, variable 5ht). 
Cloz= only drug proven in rx-refractory skitso

s/e: agranulocytosis

50
Q

Where do the CN exit skull

A 
C- 1/ cribriform plate 
O- 2 optic canal 
S3- 3, 4, V1- superior orbital fissure 
R- V2- rotundum 
O- V3 Foramen Ovale 
S- 6- superior orbital fissure 
I2- 7, 8- Int. Acoustic meatus 
J3- 9, 10, 11 - Jugular foramen 
H- 12, hypoglossal canal
51
Q

What os the difference b/t neuroleptic malig and serotonin syndrome

A

symptoms overlap

SS has hyperreflexia and clonus though

52
Q

What is wrong in Alzheimer’s (aka what NT)

A

↓ AcH in nuc basalis of meynert/hippocampus

that’s why the old alz person gala is in the ach-esterase-i sketch

53
Q

Ethosuximide blocks t type ca channel. Why does that help

A

Causes hyperpolarization

54
Q

Why do phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproic acid help in sz

A

inhibit high frequency firing of Na–> less able to spread sz

55
Q

What antibiotic can cause 5ht syndrome

A

Linezolid - has MAOI activity, if used w/ SSRi–> 5ht syndrome

linezolid is- oxazolidinone, binds 50s for gram + only

Other s/e: bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy

56
Q

What is the sketchy for linezolid

A

Police line at the robbed king tut exhibit

robber left smiley face graffiti, aka 5ht

57
Q

s/s of ETOH withdrawal

A 
Tremor
agitation
anx
delirium/ psychosis 
SZ, tachy, palapationa

*VERY similar for benzos

58
Q

s/s of heroin withdrawal

A 
NVD
muscle aches 
Dilated pupil
Yawning 
Lacrimation
59
Q

How do ADHD stimulants work

A

↑ NorEpi and Da in prefrontal cortex

60
Q

What kind of drug is citalopram

A

SSRI

UWorld journal (51 decks)

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