Neuro/Immune/MIS MASH! Flashcards by MO ROUTH

what is the principal stabilizing factor for secondary protein structure

H bonds

so this does alpha and beta sheet formation

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All volatile anesthesia increases this

Cerebral blood flow

- Can create the bad effect of ↑ ICP

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What are some important effects of anesthesia

↑ Cerebral blood flow 
Myocardial depression 
Hypotension 
Resp depression 
↓ Renal fx

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How does anesthesia work

Main: ↑ GABA

Maybe: Hyperpolarize neurons via K channel

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What makes people sick after chemotherapy

Chemoreceptor trigger zone

Is on the dorsal medulla

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If you need to treat delirium what do you use

Alwaysfix underlying problem but

haloperidol- typical anti psycotic
Well tolerated at low doses

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What is the name of vertebral movements

subluxation

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What part of the spine do people w/ RA tend to have problems with

Cervical spine

May have laxity/ subluxation

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How does Lamotrigine work/what s/e is concerning

SZ drug

Blocks voltage gated Na channels

s/e: 1% get steven johnson syndrome

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What is Sertraline

SSRI

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What is the most common side effect of SSRI

sexual dysfunction

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What type of drugs are:

Chlorpromazine, fluphenazine

Compare the potency

Low pot: Chlorpromazine. ↑ anti-chol

High pot: Fluphenazine. ↑ EPS

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This disorder is charachterized by feeling detached from self. Feelings of unrelaity.
Aware

Depersonalization disorder

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This is an opiod antagonist that helps treat alcohol cravings

Naltrexone

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What does saltatory conduction mean

Propagation of action potential

latin for hop- hop from node to node

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What does a left frontal lobe lesion lead to

Apathy

Depression

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What does a right frontal lobe lesion lead to

Disinhibited behavior

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What is Picks Disease

Frontotemporal dementia

Loss of frontal lobe

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Pick disease s/s

Frontal lobe problem

Personality and behavior changes

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What is transference

It is EXACTLY like displacement except:

displacement: current person

Transference: past person (daddy issue)

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Friedreich ataxia basics

FXN gene GAA repeat

s/s

Gait ataxia
Loss of position/vibration
Kyphoscoliosis/ foot abnormal
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
DM

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What brain problem is usually seen in ADPKD

Berry aneurysm

usually in circle of willis–> SAH

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What genetic disease has lots of acoustic neurmos

Nf2

chromo 22

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Gene mutation in neurofibroma 2

nf2 gene (chomo 22) –> protein merlin

*Acustic Neruoma

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gene mutation in neurofibromo 1

nf1 gene (chromo 17) --> neurofibromin cafe au lait spots neurofibroma lisch nodules

What brain involvement is typical for huntigtons

Caudate and putaman loss of neurons

What is a quadricep muscle

The front leg muscles rectus femoris, vast lat, vast med, vast intermed

What lab ddx stuff should you see in wilson's

↑ Copper on liver biopsy ↑ Copper in UA ↓ Ceruloplasmin (copper transport)

Wilson's gene defect

AR ATP7b defect | Messes up liver processing of copper

What is psychodynamic therapy

figure out insight into unresolved issue from childhood

WHat is Supportive psychotherapy

Bolsters adaptive defence to help with coping

What is the best therapy for specfic phobia

Behavior Therapy - exposure

In embryology what gives rise to the glomuli

Metanephric mesoderm (blastema) gives rise to the glomuli

What in embryo gives rise to the collecting system (tubes, major/minor calyx, pelvis, urter)

Ureteric bud

What is most common muscle injury in rotator cuff

Supraspinatus muscle injury

What does supraspinatus do

aBduct

What does Anicteric mean

silent or subclinical

What is the age of onset for a neuroblastoma

0- 2 years old s/s: non-rhythmic conjugate eye movements with myoclonus

What is neuroblastoma

develops from neuroblasts in the adrenal medulla usually ↑ N-Myc "most common extracranial neoplasm in children"

What is the rare/dangerous side effect of trazodone

Priapism- aka boner Traza-BONE

How does trazodone work

serotonin modulator - inhibits 5ht reuptake and atags post-snap 5ht

What structure does the compression in carpal tunnel

Transverse carpal ligament compresses the median nerve

What receptor does uterus relaxation

What is another name for/ the deal with global cerebral ischemia

Ischemic- hypoxic encephalopathy profound cerebral hypoperfusion--> ischemia/ watershed infarcts

What is encephalopathy

a broad term to describe anything that messes with the brain

What rx is unique and special about carbamazepine

1st line rx for trigeminal neuralgia in clinic you know it needed sz drug, + that chubby mexican girl ate so many *CARBs* --> couldn't see the face defect

Where is a acoustic schwannoma usually found

cerebello pontine angle The "swan" princess "bella" lived in the "PONd"

What would it look like if an acustic schwanoma got really big

cerabella-pontine CN would be disrupted CN 5, 7, and 8

What does clozapine treat, wheat needs to be monitored

``` Clozapine= atypical antipsych (d2 antag, variable 5ht). Cloz= only drug proven in rx-refractory skitso ``` s/e: agranulocytosis

Where do the CN exit skull

``` C- 1/ cribriform plate O- 2 optic canal S3- 3, 4, V1- superior orbital fissure R- V2- rotundum O- V3 Foramen Ovale S- 6- superior orbital fissure I2- 7, 8- Int. Acoustic meatus J3- 9, 10, 11 - Jugular foramen H- 12, hypoglossal canal ```

What os the difference b/t neuroleptic malig and serotonin syndrome

symptoms overlap SS has hyperreflexia and clonus though

What is wrong in Alzheimer's (aka what NT)

↓ AcH in nuc basalis of meynert/hippocampus | that's why the old alz person gala is in the ach-esterase-i sketch

Ethosuximide blocks t type ca channel. Why does that help

Causes hyperpolarization

Why do phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproic acid help in sz

inhibit high frequency firing of Na--> less able to spread sz

What antibiotic can cause 5ht syndrome

Linezolid - has MAOI activity, if used w/ SSRi--> 5ht syndrome linezolid is- oxazolidinone, binds 50s for gram + only Other s/e: bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy

What is the sketchy for linezolid

Police line at the robbed king tut exhibit robber left smiley face graffiti, aka 5ht

s/s of ETOH withdrawal

``` Tremor agitation anx delirium/ psychosis SZ, tachy, palapationa ``` *VERY similar for benzos

s/s of heroin withdrawal

``` NVD muscle aches Dilated pupil Yawning Lacrimation ```

How do ADHD stimulants work

↑ NorEpi and Da in prefrontal cortex

What kind of drug is citalopram

SSRI