Neuro/Immune/MIS MASH! Flashcards
what is the principal stabilizing factor for secondary protein structure
H bonds
so this does alpha and beta sheet formation
All volatile anesthesia increases this
- Cerebral blood flow
- Can create the bad effect of ↑ ICP
What are some important effects of anesthesia
↑ Cerebral blood flow Myocardial depression Hypotension Resp depression ↓ Renal fx
How does anesthesia work
Main: ↑ GABA
Maybe: Hyperpolarize neurons via K channel
What makes people sick after chemotherapy
Chemoreceptor trigger zone
Is on the dorsal medulla
If you need to treat delirium what do you use
Alwaysfix underlying problem but
haloperidol- typical anti psycotic
Well tolerated at low doses
What is the name of vertebral movements
subluxation
What part of the spine do people w/ RA tend to have problems with
Cervical spine
May have laxity/ subluxation
How does Lamotrigine work/what s/e is concerning
SZ drug
Blocks voltage gated Na channels
s/e: 1% get steven johnson syndrome
What is Sertraline
SSRI
What is the most common side effect of SSRI
sexual dysfunction
What type of drugs are:
Chlorpromazine, fluphenazine
Compare the potency
Low pot: Chlorpromazine. ↑ anti-chol
High pot: Fluphenazine. ↑ EPS
This disorder is charachterized by feeling detached from self. Feelings of unrelaity.
Aware
Depersonalization disorder
This is an opiod antagonist that helps treat alcohol cravings
Naltrexone
What does saltatory conduction mean
Propagation of action potential
latin for hop- hop from node to node
What does a left frontal lobe lesion lead to
Apathy
Depression
What does a right frontal lobe lesion lead to
Disinhibited behavior
What is Picks Disease
Frontotemporal dementia
Loss of frontal lobe
Pick disease s/s
Frontal lobe problem
Personality and behavior changes
What is transference
It is EXACTLY like displacement except:
displacement: current person
Transference: past person (daddy issue)
Friedreich ataxia basics
FXN gene GAA repeat
s/s
- Gait ataxia
- Loss of position/vibration
- Kyphoscoliosis/ foot abnormal
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- DM
What brain problem is usually seen in ADPKD
Berry aneurysm
usually in circle of willis–> SAH
What genetic disease has lots of acoustic neurmos
Nf2
chromo 22
Gene mutation in neurofibroma 2
nf2 gene (chomo 22) –> protein merlin
*Acustic Neruoma
gene mutation in neurofibromo 1
nf1 gene (chromo 17) –> neurofibromin
cafe au lait spots
neurofibroma
lisch nodules
What brain involvement is typical for huntigtons
Caudate and putaman loss of neurons
What is a quadricep muscle
The front leg muscles
rectus femoris, vast lat, vast med, vast intermed
What lab ddx stuff should you see in wilson’s
↑ Copper on liver biopsy
↑ Copper in UA
↓ Ceruloplasmin (copper transport)
Wilson’s gene defect
AR ATP7b defect
Messes up liver processing of copper
What is psychodynamic therapy
figure out insight into unresolved issue from childhood
WHat is Supportive psychotherapy
Bolsters adaptive defence to help with coping
What is the best therapy for specfic phobia
Behavior Therapy - exposure
In embryology what gives rise to the glomuli
Metanephric mesoderm (blastema) gives rise to the glomuli
What in embryo gives rise to the collecting system (tubes, major/minor calyx, pelvis, urter)
Ureteric bud
What is most common muscle injury in rotator cuff
Supraspinatus muscle injury
What does supraspinatus do
aBduct
What does Anicteric mean
silent or subclinical
What is the age of onset for a neuroblastoma
0- 2 years old
s/s: non-rhythmic conjugate eye movements with myoclonus
What is neuroblastoma
develops from neuroblasts in the adrenal medulla
usually ↑ N-Myc
“most common extracranial neoplasm in children”
What is the rare/dangerous side effect of trazodone
Priapism- aka boner
Traza-BONE
How does trazodone work
serotonin modulator - inhibits 5ht reuptake and atags post-snap 5ht
What structure does the compression in carpal tunnel
Transverse carpal ligament compresses the median nerve
What receptor does uterus relaxation
b2
What is another name for/ the deal with global cerebral ischemia
Ischemic- hypoxic encephalopathy
profound cerebral hypoperfusion–> ischemia/ watershed infarcts
What is encephalopathy
a broad term to describe anything that messes with the brain
What rx is unique and special about carbamazepine
1st line rx for trigeminal neuralgia
in clinic you know it needed sz drug, + that chubby mexican girl ate so many CARBs
–> couldn’t see the face defect
Where is a acoustic schwannoma usually found
cerebello pontine angle
The “swan” princess “bella” lived in the “PONd”
What would it look like if an acustic schwanoma got really big
cerabella-pontine CN would be disrupted
CN 5, 7, and 8
What does clozapine treat, wheat needs to be monitored
Clozapine= atypical antipsych (d2 antag, variable 5ht). Cloz= only drug proven in rx-refractory skitso
s/e: agranulocytosis
Where do the CN exit skull
C- 1/ cribriform plate O- 2 optic canal S3- 3, 4, V1- superior orbital fissure R- V2- rotundum O- V3 Foramen Ovale S- 6- superior orbital fissure I2- 7, 8- Int. Acoustic meatus J3- 9, 10, 11 - Jugular foramen H- 12, hypoglossal canal
What os the difference b/t neuroleptic malig and serotonin syndrome
symptoms overlap
SS has hyperreflexia and clonus though
What is wrong in Alzheimer’s (aka what NT)
↓ AcH in nuc basalis of meynert/hippocampus
that’s why the old alz person gala is in the ach-esterase-i sketch
Ethosuximide blocks t type ca channel. Why does that help
Causes hyperpolarization
Why do phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproic acid help in sz
inhibit high frequency firing of Na–> less able to spread sz
What antibiotic can cause 5ht syndrome
Linezolid - has MAOI activity, if used w/ SSRi–> 5ht syndrome
linezolid is- oxazolidinone, binds 50s for gram + only
Other s/e: bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy
What is the sketchy for linezolid
Police line at the robbed king tut exhibit
robber left smiley face graffiti, aka 5ht
s/s of ETOH withdrawal
Tremor agitation anx delirium/ psychosis SZ, tachy, palapationa
*VERY similar for benzos
s/s of heroin withdrawal
NVD muscle aches Dilated pupil Yawning Lacrimation
How do ADHD stimulants work
↑ NorEpi and Da in prefrontal cortex
What kind of drug is citalopram
SSRI
