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UWorld journal > Immunology, Neuro, and Renal Day > Flashcards

Immunology, Neuro, and Renal Day Flashcards

1
Q

What inervates the diaphragm

A

C3- C5 keeps the diagphragm alive

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2
Q

What does the corticospinal tract carry

A

Motor stuff

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3
Q

What nerve is injured in foot drop

A

Common peroneal

weak dorsiflexion and eversion and steppage gait

Sensory loss over lateral leg and dorsum of foot

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4
Q

What nerve damage results in wrist drop

A

Radial ~c7

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5
Q

The “M” of the brachial plexus is

A

Upper

Musculocutaneous

Median

Ulnar

lower

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6
Q

What cute nerve split is directly above the brachial plexus M

A

The ~C7 cord splits into axillary and radial

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7
Q

What are the 2 classes of dopamine agonists

A

Ergot- bromocriptine

Non-ergot- Pramipexole, ropinirole

Both directly stimulate Da receptors

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8
Q

How does Phenoytoin work and what is the major side effect

A

Blocks Voltage gated Na channels- treats SZ

s/e: gingival hyperplasia from ↑ platelet derived growth factor–> ↑ Macs–> proliferation of gums

other s/e: CNS stuff, ataxia and nystagmus

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9
Q

What is the precursor AA for serotonin

A

Tryptophan

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10
Q

How do you treat SSRI overdose

A

Cycproheptadine - an antihistamine and anti- 5ht

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11
Q

What is the treatment for benzo overdose

A

Flumazenil

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12
Q

What is parkinsons deep brain stimulation targeted against

A

Basil Ganglia type stuff

exactly: globul palidus internus
Subthalmic nucleus

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13
Q

Why does deep brain stimulation at globus palidus internus or subthalmic nucleaus help

A

basically the Da movement pathways are directed here

GPe–> STN–> GPi–> thalmus–> cortex–> movement

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14
Q

This seizure is no LOC + brief jerking movements

A

Myoclonic

rx: broad spectrum, is valproic acid

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15
Q

This SZ has LOC and diffuse muscle contraction

A

Tonic Clonic

rx: broad spectrum, ie Valporic acid

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16
Q

This SZ has a sorta LOC (blank stare) with NO postictal state

A

Absence

rx: ethosuximide

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17
Q

What is / When do you use a narrow spectrum SZ drug

A

Simple or complex SZ

Rx: Phenytoin, phenobarb, Gabapentin, etc

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18
Q

Compare simple and complex SZ

A

Both: Focal

simple: NO LOC

Complex: HAS LOC

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19
Q

What CNS tumor is asc. w/ EBV

A

Primary CNS Lymphoma

Aids defining illness

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20
Q

What is cerebral amyloid angiopathy like

A
  • Most common reason for spontaneous hemorrhage seen in elderly
  • usually seen in occipital and parietal lobe
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21
Q

What is a aneurysm rupture due to HTN involving deep brain structures

A

Charcot Bouchard aneurysm

Usually involves the basil ganglia

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22
Q

This is the most common cause of brain hemorrhage in children

A

Brain AVM

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23
Q

What is the prefered combo therapy for parkinson’s

A

BALSA

Bromocriptine or Pramipexole 
Amantadine (↑ Da)
Levodopa(with Carbidopa) 
Selegiline- COMT inhibitor 
Antimuscarinic
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24
Q

How does selegiline work and what do we use it for

A

Inhibits MAO type B, helps in Parkinsons

25
How does Amantadine work
invented vs flu BUT HAs dopaminergic activity, and anticholinergic therefore helps in parkinson's
26
What is the most common reason for the hook "worst headache of my life"
Worst HA of life= Subarachnoid Most common cause of subarachnoid= Saccular (berry) aneurysm Could also be an AVM
27
Where do saccular (berry) aneurysms tend to occur and who usually has them
In the circle of willis seen often in ehlos danlos and AD-PCKD
28
What does CSF look like in subarachnoid hemorrhage
Xanthochromia- aka yellowish
29
Stroking out this area will lead to wild involuntary large amplitude movements
Subthalamic nuc (part of basil ganglia) often seen in setting of lacunar stroke from chronic DM and HTN
30
How does ethosuximide work
blocks T type Ca channel
31
What do T type Ca channels do
trigger rhythmic pulsed discharges in thalamic neurons
32
How does a meningioma present
Often asympt, may have Sz | Forms psammoma body on histology
33
What nerve mediates larynx muscles
Vagus
34
What mediates taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue
Chorda tympani of facial | *also mediates saliva
35
Which Chiari malformation is the most common
Type 1- benign and more common. s/s: ataxia, dizzy Type 2- severe. usually has myelomeningocele and noncommunicating hydrocephalus
36
What generally causes Vertigo
dysfx in the vestibular system ex: inner ear
37
What nerves are in the cavernous sinus
CN 3- 6 (minus V3) Also some internal caratoid
38
This is a vascular malformation in the brain that has an increased risk for intracerebral hemorrhage
Cavernous hemangioma | pts often have sz as well
39
How does atropine work
reversible cholinergic antagonist selective for M
40
How do you reverse atropine
Cholinesterase inhibitor ex: physostigmine | b/c atropine is reversible anti-M, just load them up with Ach to out compete and let M work again
41
What are the primary childhood brain cancers
``` #1- Pilocytic # 2- Medulblastoma #3- Ependymoma ``` cranipharyngioma, pinealoma
42
This disease will show UMN and LMN lesions
ALS loss of anterior horn Demylination of lateral corticospinal tract
43
Paralysis of the _______ m (innervated by 7) leads to hyperacusis
Stapedius M on middle ear (attaches to stapes) hyperacusis: increased sensitivity to sound
44
Myotonic dystrophy is
Trinuc repeat of CTG ``` baldness testicle atrophy cataracts muscle dystrophy arrhythmias ```
45
What neurotransmitter is missing in huntington
GABA
46
How do you treat neuromalignant syndrome
Dantrolene
47
Where is most water in kidney absorbed regardless of anything (hydration, etc)
Proximal tube- passive water absorption
48
What parts of the kidney never absorb water
Ascending loop of henle | Early DCT
49
Why do we conjugate polysaccharide vaccines
Polysac alone= b cell response Polysach + protein conjugate= B and T cell (has memory, lasts longer)
50
What type of cell is a juxtaglomerular cell
A modified smooth muscle cell with renin containing zymogen granules
51
How does ↑ aldosterone present
Hypertension Muscle Weakness Hypokalemia
52
What are the 3 ways to treat CMV
Gancyclovir Foscarnet Cidofovir
53
This anti CMV drug is a pyrophosphate analog
Foscarnet
54
What are the side effects of foscarnet
``` Nephrotoxicity electrolyte abnormalities ↑ or ↓ of Ca and Phos hypokalemia hypomagnesemia ```
55
If you break your humorous, and damage the radial nerve, what artery did you also hurt
Deep Brachial Runs with the radial
56
What choromosome is messed up in wilms tumors
11
57
What chromo is messed up in RB
13
58
What chromo is messed up in Nf-1
17
59
Where is c-myc
chrmo 8

UWorld journal (51 decks)

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