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UWorld journal > Pulm 2.0 > Flashcards

Pulm 2.0 Flashcards

1
Q

Lung CA

most common

A

Adenocarcinoma

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2
Q

Lung CA

Central, Necrosis and cavitation

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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3
Q

Lung CA
Peripheral
Gynecomastia

A

Large Cell

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4
Q

Coin Lesion

hyaline cartilage, connective tissue, smooth muscle, fat

A

Hamartoma

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5
Q

What must you have to ddx sarcoidosis

A

lung biopsy w/ non-caseating granuloma

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6
Q

Baby is born with no surfactant and given o2 as rx. Complications?

A

o2 therapy in baby–> retinal damage–> blindness

likely mediated by VEGF

*Major cause of blindness in developed world

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7
Q

In V/Q what does v and q mean

A

v= ventilation

q= blood flow

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8
Q

Describe lung zone 1 pressures

A

apex

alveolar> arterial> venous

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9
Q

Describe zone 3 pressures

A

arterial> venous> alveolar

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10
Q

Describe lung zone 2 pressure

A

arterial> alveolar> venous

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11
Q

when airway pressure is 0 you are in a resting state. What is the intrapleural pressure

A

-5 cm H20

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12
Q

How can pleura pull air into the lung

A

resting pleural presure= -5

inspiration= -7.5

-7.5 creates a negative alveolar pressure that draws air into the lung

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13
Q

A lot of stuff causes allergic asthma, but rx vs receptor only works for these two things

A

LTC4, LTD4, LTE4

AcH

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14
Q

Do histamine antags help in asthma

A

No

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15
Q

Describe the irritation and changes smoking does to lungs

A

Normal: pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells

Smoking: columnar is replaced by squamous

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16
Q

What does osmium tetroxide do

A

Stains fat black

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17
Q

What stains hemosiderin macs

A

prussian blue shows iron

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18
Q

What strains platelets purple

A

write stain

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19
Q

Who has increased FEV1/FVC

A

restrictive disease

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20
Q

Who has decreased FEV1/FVC

A

obstructive disease

21
Q

Why is systemic partial pressure o2 less than alveolar partial pressure

A

because bronchial deoxygenated blood drains into the oxygenated pulm vein

22
Q

Where is there always a left shift in oxy curve

A

Lungs shift left

↓ H, 2,3 DPG, and Temp

23
Q

What causes a right shift oxy heme curve

A

↑ H, 2,3- DPG, and temp

24
Q

What can attract PMNs

A

Leukotriene B4 (and some precursor)
C5a
Il-8

25
Q

What 3 cytokines cause systemic inflammation

A

Il-1, IL-6, TNF-a

26
Q

What does bradykinin do

A

Vasodilation
Contracts smooth muscle
mediates pain
↑ Permeability

27
Q

Where is epo made

A

peritubular cells of kidneys

28
Q

What does platelet- activating factor do

A

It does a lot…

vasoconstriction 
bronchoconstriction 
platelet stimulation 
enhanced leukocyte adhesion 
chemotaxis 
phagocytosis
degranulation
29
Q

What makes ESR happen

A

high levels of freely circulating fibrinogen

30
Q

What is SVC syndrome

A

a mass compresses the SVC and causes facial swelling and upper extremity issues

31
Q

What does second hand smoke do to babies

A

low birth weight
asthma
middle ear syndrome
SIDS

32
Q

What is characteristic of Primary TB

A

Ghon complex and ipsilateral hilar adenopathy

33
Q

What causes tracheal deviation TOWARD the lesion

A

Lung Collapse - atelectasis

ex: bronchus obstruction–> obstructive atelectasis–> trachea PULLED in

34
Q

What causes tracheal deviation away from lesion

A 
Tension pneumothorax (air cannot exit)
excess air/fluid PUSHES trachea
35
Q

What is a pleural effusion

A

excess fluid in pleural layers

36
Q

What is a pneumothorax

A

Air in pleural space

37
Q

Meconium plug obstructing the intestine preventing the passage of stool

A

meconium ileus

Seen in CF

38
Q

What part of the type 2 pneumocyte makes surfactant

A

lamellar bodies

39
Q

what are the most common malignancy from asbestos

A

1- most common: bronchogenic carcinoma

2- mesothelioma

40
Q

How do you measure the severity of bronchitis

A

reid index-measurement of mucus enlargement

ratio = mucus glands / (epithelial + mucus + ct)

normal is 40%

does not include thickness of cartilage

41
Q

What causes TB caseous necrosis

A

macs, giant cells, and CD4 t lymph aggregate–> granulomatous caseous necrosis

WBC activation–> collateral tissue damage–> cavitary

42
Q

Why does pancreatitis –> ARDS

A

pancreatitis has large amount of inflammatory cytokines and panc enzymes in circulation

PMNs invade lungs–> leaky alveoli and injury

pancreatitis is MAJOR risk factor for ARDS

43
Q

what will small cell lung CA stain for

A

SCC has neuroendocrine differentiation

stains: Chromogranin, synaptophysin, enolase

44
Q

What is hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

inhalation of organic material

diffuse nodular infiltrates

45
Q

What is responsible for the green color of puss

A

myeloperoxidase of PMNs

46
Q

what does RA typically do to the lungs

A

tends to cause a idiopathic interstitial pneumonia like interstitial lung disease- restrictive

47
Q

What is anergy

A

failure to generate a response with t cells

48
Q

Why does it matter that ACTH and opioids are derived from the same thing

A

supports theory that stress and opioid axis are related

UWorld journal (51 decks)

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