Immunology Flashcards
Type 1 hypersensitivity
IgE
Basophils and mast cells response
ex: allergies
Type 2 hypersensitivity
IgG and IgM
Complement
PMN response
ex: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Type 3 hypersensitivity
Deposition of antibody- antigen complex
PMN response
ex: serum sickness
Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction
No humoral Component
T cell and Mac response
ex: contact dermatitis, TB skin test
Describe Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
Given Blood
preformed ANTI- ABO ABs attack
Complement activates and lysis the blood and leads to shock
s/s: fever, hypotension, chest pain, back pain, hemoglobinuria
What do eosinophils do
IL5 (from Th2/masts) activates them during parasite infection
Parasite is coated in IgG/E that bind Eos Fc–> eos degranulation of major basic protein
How do eos act in a type 1 hypersensitivity
eos synthesize PGs, leukotrienes, cytokines that contribute to late phase type 1 hypersens
Eosin means
pink dye
Causes of eosinophilia
Neoplasia Asthma Allergic Chronic adrenal insuf Parasites
What is major basic protein
a helminthotoxin
What are the steps of Leukocyte Inflammatory accumulation
Margination Rolling Activation Tight adhesion and crawling Transmitigation
What mediates PMN rolling
L-Selectin on PMN
E-Selectin/P-selectin on Endothilial cells
How do PMNs do tight adhesion and crawling
CD18 beta 2 integrin binds ICAM-1 on endothilum
What mediates PMN Transmitigation
This is how PMN exits the blood via intigrin attachment to platlet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1)
What recognizes a stop codon
releasing factor
How do antigens become able to be presented on an MHC1
They are Ubiquitinated
Proteasome chews it up
Small enough to present the bits
What characterizes anaphylactic shock
↑ Vascular permeability
Bronchoconstirction
Vasodilation
How do you treat anaphylactic shock
Step 1- epinephrine (epi pen!)
step2- diphenhydramine
What is hereditary angioedema
low C1 inhibitor (cannot turn down complement cascade)–> Angioedema
ACE inhibitors have a rare side effect of angioedema, so you cannot give that o these pts
