Heme/Onc Flashcards by MO ROUTH

The individual subunits of hemaglobin are structurally similar to

Myoglobin

Individually they no longer show sigmoid binding

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How do you treat cyanide poisoining

Nitrates

They create Methemoglobin like state

cyanide likes to bind ferric in methemoglobin and this saves the mitochondria from CN damag

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What is Methemoglobin

Contains Ferric rather than ferrous iron

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What do we usually bridge a pt with when starting warfrin

Heprin

Helps prevent necrosis

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What drug blocks gp2b3a

Abciximab

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What diease is messed up gp2b3a

Glanzmann thrombocytopenia

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What accumulates in acute porphyria attack

aminolevulinate

porphobilinogen

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O type blood mom

AB type baby

Is the baby in trouble?

Maybe, because Type O moms make IgG vs other blood (ab) and IgG will cross the placenta

AB moms only make IgM

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HbF contains ____ instead of B globin

gama globin

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The JAK2 mutation of polycythemia vera leads to what

makes hemopoetic stem cells more sensative to growth factors

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What cancers are caused by Li Fraumeni

Sarcoma
Breast Cancer
Brain Tumor
Adrenal Tumor 
Leukemia

p53 mutation

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What cancers come with VHL

Hemangioblastoma
Clear cell renal carcinoma
Pheochromocytoma

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What are the s/s of bladder cancer

Painless bloody urine

CA arises from transitional epithlium

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Lets say you mistook B12 def, and said it was folate deficiency and therefor gave folate. What will happen

Treating b12 def with folate will make neurosymtoms worse

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Translocation for Follicular Lymphoma

t (14:18)
Overexpression of BCL2
Inhibits apoptosis, promotes surviaval

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2 key growth factors for tumor angiogenesis

VEGF

Fibroblast growth factor

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What does anaplastic mean

the tumor cell has no resemblence to the tissue of origin

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thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is?

Antibody vs ADAMS13
VWF doesnt degrade
Microthrombi form
RBCs shear into shchistocytes

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Where do the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways converge

Caspases

What is a reticulocyte

an immature RBC

Compare AML and CML

AML is most common acute leukemia for over 65
Increased WBC with lots of blasts

CML has elevated WBC, increase in precursor forms (ie myelacytes), and a decrease in Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase

T cells “live” in this part of the lymph node

Paracortex

Where do B cells “live” in the lymph node

Lymph Node cortex

Dermatomyositis may occure alone or as _______ (plus what s/s)

Dermatomyositis may be a paraneoplastic syndrome

s/s: proximal muscle weakness, inflamitroy skin findings

Which clotting factors does the liver make

2, 7, 9, 10 | *these become activated by Vitamin K

What is wrong if is you have a bleeder with liver disease, you give Vitamin K, and nothing improves

if Prothrombin time does not correct with vit k, Factor 7 is likely deficient (has the shortest half life)

What is wrong in Polycythemia Vera

JAK2 Mutation- a non receptor cytoplasmic TK

What disease have a JAK2 mutation

Thrombocytopenia Primary Mylofibrosis PCV

How do you reverse Methotrextae poisoining

``` Folinic Acid (leukorvian) Does not require the DHFR that methotrexate inhibits - it is already reduced ```

How is G6PD inheritied?

X linked | Causes hemolytic anemia under oxidative stress

What is the most common brain cancer in children

Pilocytic Astrocytoma (astrocyte- cystic and soild) > Meduloblastoma (solid and malignant) > Ependymoma (ventricle lining)

This drug is a good "antagonist" to supress pretty much any excess hormone

Octerotide- Somatostain anaolog- encourages somatostaisis

What part of the bone has decresed density in osteomalacia

Osteoid

Abnormal formation of lamellar bone

Paget Disease of bone

What direction does DNA replication occure

5'--> 3'

What are the symptoms of Multiple Myeloma

``` Bone pain Fatigue Anemia Kidney Disease Hypercalcemia ```

What does mutiple Myeloma make a lot of

Large amounts of light chains (like IgG) that like to deposit in tissue

What is the most common primary brain tumor of adults

Glioblastoma Multiforme Very malig, poor prognosis Lots of necrosis and hemmorhage

What are the clasical lab findings of mutiple mylemoa

Roulaeux Formation | Bence Jones protein in urine

What does the RB protein do

Tumor Supresor Keeps G1--> S checkpoint = Activated RB stops the progression Phosphorylated RB allows Cell through the checkpoint

This disease is a triad of eczema, thrombocytopenia, and combo B/T cell deficiency

Wiscot Aldrich | * Encapsulated infections happen frequently

What are the s/s of lead poisoining

BASOPHILIC STIPPLING AB PAIN weakness constipation

Pancytopenia with acellular bone marrow with tons of fat is likely what?

Aplastic Anemia | Usually Aquired- T cell vs progenitors

Who gets warfrin indused skin necrosis

People who have an underlying Protein C or Protein S deficincy

What chemo causes hemorrhagic cyctitis and how do you prevent that outcome

``` Cyclophosfomide= chemo Mensa= Binds toxic metabolites ```

What does ATRA treat

Atra= Vit A = Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia, a type of AML

What random drug increases factor 7 and VWF

Desmopressin