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UWorld journal > Heme/Onc > Flashcards

Heme/Onc Flashcards

1
Q

The individual subunits of hemaglobin are structurally similar to

A

Myoglobin

Individually they no longer show sigmoid binding

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2
Q

How do you treat cyanide poisoining

A

Nitrates

They create Methemoglobin like state

cyanide likes to bind ferric in methemoglobin and this saves the mitochondria from CN damag

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3
Q

What is Methemoglobin

A

Contains Ferric rather than ferrous iron

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4
Q

What do we usually bridge a pt with when starting warfrin

A

Heprin

Helps prevent necrosis

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5
Q

What drug blocks gp2b3a

A

Abciximab

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6
Q

What diease is messed up gp2b3a

A

Glanzmann thrombocytopenia

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7
Q

What accumulates in acute porphyria attack

A

aminolevulinate

porphobilinogen

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8
Q

O type blood mom

AB type baby

Is the baby in trouble?

A

Maybe, because Type O moms make IgG vs other blood (ab) and IgG will cross the placenta

AB moms only make IgM

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9
Q

HbF contains ____ instead of B globin

A

gama globin

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10
Q

The JAK2 mutation of polycythemia vera leads to what

A

makes hemopoetic stem cells more sensative to growth factors

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11
Q

What cancers are caused by Li Fraumeni

A 
Sarcoma
Breast Cancer
Brain Tumor
Adrenal Tumor 
Leukemia

p53 mutation

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12
Q

What cancers come with VHL

A

Hemangioblastoma
Clear cell renal carcinoma
Pheochromocytoma

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13
Q

What are the s/s of bladder cancer

A

Painless bloody urine

CA arises from transitional epithlium

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14
Q

Lets say you mistook B12 def, and said it was folate deficiency and therefor gave folate. What will happen

A

Treating b12 def with folate will make neurosymtoms worse

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15
Q

Translocation for Follicular Lymphoma

A

t (14:18)
Overexpression of BCL2
Inhibits apoptosis, promotes surviaval

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16
Q

2 key growth factors for tumor angiogenesis

A

VEGF

Fibroblast growth factor

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17
Q

What does anaplastic mean

A

the tumor cell has no resemblence to the tissue of origin

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18
Q

thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is?

A

Antibody vs ADAMS13
VWF doesnt degrade
Microthrombi form
RBCs shear into shchistocytes

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19
Q

Where do the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways converge

A

Caspases

20
Q

What is a reticulocyte

A

an immature RBC

21
Q

Compare AML and CML

A

AML is most common acute leukemia for over 65
Increased WBC with lots of blasts

CML has elevated WBC, increase in precursor forms (ie myelacytes), and a decrease in Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase

22
Q

T cells “live” in this part of the lymph node

A

Paracortex

23
Q

Where do B cells “live” in the lymph node

A

Lymph Node cortex

24
Q

Dermatomyositis may occure alone or as _______ (plus what s/s)

A

Dermatomyositis may be a paraneoplastic syndrome

s/s: proximal muscle weakness, inflamitroy skin findings

25
Q

Which clotting factors does the liver make

A

2, 7, 9, 10

*these become activated by Vitamin K

26
Q

What is wrong if is you have a bleeder with liver disease, you give Vitamin K, and nothing improves

A

if Prothrombin time does not correct with vit k, Factor 7 is likely deficient (has the shortest half life)

27
Q

What is wrong in Polycythemia Vera

A

JAK2 Mutation- a non receptor cytoplasmic TK

28
Q

What disease have a JAK2 mutation

A

Thrombocytopenia
Primary Mylofibrosis
PCV

29
Q

How do you reverse Methotrextae poisoining

A 
Folinic Acid (leukorvian) 
Does not require the DHFR that methotrexate inhibits - it is already reduced
30
Q

How is G6PD inheritied?

A

X linked

Causes hemolytic anemia under oxidative stress

31
Q

What is the most common brain cancer in children

A

Pilocytic Astrocytoma (astrocyte- cystic and soild) > Meduloblastoma (solid and malignant) > Ependymoma (ventricle lining)

32
Q

This drug is a good “antagonist” to supress pretty much any excess hormone

A

Octerotide- Somatostain anaolog- encourages somatostaisis

33
Q

What part of the bone has decresed density in osteomalacia

A

Osteoid

34
Q

Abnormal formation of lamellar bone

A

Paget Disease of bone

35
Q

What direction does DNA replication occure

A

5’–> 3’

36
Q

What are the symptoms of Multiple Myeloma

A 
Bone pain
Fatigue
Anemia
Kidney Disease 
Hypercalcemia
37
Q

What does mutiple Myeloma make a lot of

A

Large amounts of light chains (like IgG) that like to deposit in tissue

38
Q

What is the most common primary brain tumor of adults

A

Glioblastoma Multiforme
Very malig, poor prognosis
Lots of necrosis and hemmorhage

39
Q

What are the clasical lab findings of mutiple mylemoa

A

Roulaeux Formation

Bence Jones protein in urine

40
Q

What does the RB protein do

A

Tumor Supresor
Keeps G1–> S checkpoint = Activated RB stops the progression
Phosphorylated RB allows Cell through the checkpoint

41
Q

This disease is a triad of eczema, thrombocytopenia, and combo B/T cell deficiency

A

Wiscot Aldrich

* Encapsulated infections happen frequently

42
Q

What are the s/s of lead poisoining

A

BASOPHILIC STIPPLING
AB PAIN
weakness
constipation

43
Q

Pancytopenia with acellular bone marrow with tons of fat is likely what?

A

Aplastic Anemia

Usually Aquired- T cell vs progenitors

44
Q

Who gets warfrin indused skin necrosis

A

People who have an underlying Protein C or Protein S deficincy

45
Q

What chemo causes hemorrhagic cyctitis and how do you prevent that outcome

A 
Cyclophosfomide= chemo
Mensa= Binds toxic metabolites
46
Q

What does ATRA treat

A

Atra= Vit A = Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia, a type of AML

47
Q

What random drug increases factor 7 and VWF

A

Desmopressin

UWorld journal (51 decks)

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