Blood Flashcards
What is a rouleuax formation
Long line of RBCs stacked
At least 1 association is multiple myeloma
Beta Thal Major labs
NO Hb A
↑ Hb A2 (a2d2) and Hb F (a2g2)
b/c there are no beta chains to make HbA
What are the features of hairy cell leukemia
massive spleen
“dry tap” of bone marrow
lymph with cytoplasmic projections
Does AML cause hepatosplenomegaly
not usually
vWF deficiency labs
↑ Bleeding time (plt adhesion problem )
↑ PTT (Factor 8 needs vWF)
Autosomal Dom Inheritance
Most common inherited bleeding disorder
This is an x linked deficiency in factor VIII
Hemophilia A
↑ PTT
Normal Bleeding time
This is an X linked deficiency in IX
Hemophilia B
↑ PTT
Normal Bleeding Time
cannot convert prothrombin to thrombin
Giving thrombin will help
What is Raltegravir
HIV drug
Integrase inhibitor
Disrupts hiv from integrating into host cell chromosome
What stain is used in AML
Myeloperoxidase
Auerrods seen in abundance
What is terminal deoxynucleotide transferase
it adds nucleotides in V D J antibody genes
Markes immaute B and T cells
Ex: ALL
How do you help a hemophiliac clot
ultimitly, the problem is that they are not making thromin from prothrombin
SO, give thrombin –> clot =)
What must you always rule out in cases of Iron deficiency
THE CAUSE
Look for bleeding first (since its emergenct)\
Plummer vinson can do this too
Chronic disease, etc
What does an RB protein do
When it is hyperphosphorylated, it is OFF
When it is OFF, G1–> S phase
What does C-Myc do
transcription activator
On too much in burkit
What does BCL2 do
It STOPS apoptosis
Too much BCL2 in folicular lymphoma
What is wrong in Mantle Cell lymphoma
↑ Cyclin D
G1–> S
What does Interferon A do
made by leauks
Anti-viral and anti-tumor
What does transforming growth factor beta do
inhibits inflammatory response
Decreases T cells
What mediates cachexia
TNF a
Suppresses appetite
What does ristocetin do
Activates vWF to bind GpIb
If ritocetin is added and nothing happens/ no aglutination–> van Willebrand or Bernard Soulier syndrome
What helps differentiate osteoclasts
Mac Stimulating factor and NF kappa B ligand (RANK) play an important role in differentiating osteoclasts
