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UWorld journal > Prometric Practice > Flashcards

Prometric Practice Flashcards

1
Q

↑ megakaryocytes on biopsy

A

Immune Thrombocytopenia

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2
Q

Immune thrombocytopenia antibody

A

Anti-GpIIb/IIIa antibodies

splenic macrophage consumption of
platelet‑antibody complex. Commonly due to viral illness.

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3
Q

Inhibition or deficiency of ADAMTS 13

A

ADAMTS =vWF metalloprotease

Thrombotic
thrombocytopenic
purpura

 platelet aggregation and thrombosis.

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4
Q

ADH is the same as

A

Vasopressin

Translocates an aquaporin

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5
Q

rare; characterized by widespread kidney damage due to granulomatous tissue containing foamy macrophages

A

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

Part of chronic pyelo

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6
Q

what is gemfibrozil

A

a fibrate

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7
Q

what is a side effect of fibbrates

A

↓ bile acid syntheisis–> gallstones

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8
Q

What are the side effects of statins

A

hepatic dysfunction

myopathy

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9
Q

What is a VIPoma

A

pancreatic islet tumor w/ ↑ VIP

increases stool Cl loss (which draws in h2o and more electrolytes)

Inhibits gastrin

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10
Q

x rashy ows air in biliary tree

A

gallstone ileus may be present. Gallstone obstructs ileocecal valve

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11
Q

What kind of gene is APC

A

tumor supressor

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12
Q

What does kras do

A

protooncogene. can lead to unregulated proliferation

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13
Q

what does a dcc mutation do

A

avoidance of apoptosis

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14
Q

What is wrong in essential fructosuria

A

fructokinase deficiency

benign because hexokinase can help you out still

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15
Q

what is wrong in hereditary fructose intolerance

A

↓ aldose b

toxic accumulation of fructose- 1 - phosphate

life threatening

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16
Q

What is beta oxidation of fat

A

breaking down fatty acid

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17
Q

where does beta oxidation of fat occur

A

mitochondria

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18
Q

what enzyme mediates b-oxidation of fat

A

carnitine acetyltransferase

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19
Q

what regulates the b-oxidation of fat

A

malonyl coa

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20
Q

What is the bioavailability of IV drugs

A

it is 100%

oral is usually never 100%

therefor use IV as the standard to compare oral to

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21
Q

where is the negative feedback for cortisol

A

hypothalamus and pit

feeds back to both

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22
Q

what does estrogen therapy do to thyroid

A

↑ thyroid binding hormone

but feedback still works

therefor normal levels of free T4

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23
Q

what are the two watershed areas of the colon

A 
splenic flexure (SMA, IMA)
rectosigmoid junction (sigmoid and superior rectal)
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24
Q

what enzyme cleaves bad bases in dna repair

A

glycosylase

cleaves altered base

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25
Q

what does endonuclease do

A

cleaves the 5’ bad site

26
Q

what does lyase do

A

cleaves the 3’ end of bad site

27
Q

what seals the nick in dna repair

A

ligase

28
Q

what is hyperestrinism/ when do you see it

A

liver chirrosis
too much estrogen

causes: Boobs, spider angiomata, palmar erythema
↓ pubic hair, ↓ tests

29
Q

what does a carcinoid tumor look like on histology

A

small blue cells

30
Q

what does a hamartoma look like on histology (from colon)

A

disorganized glands, smooth muscle, connective tissue

seen in PJ and juvenile polyp

s/s: bleeding/ intussusception

31
Q

what are the symptoms of a hyperplastic polyp

A

none usually
benign
well differentiated

32
Q

describe primary biliary cirrhosis

A

autoimmune- lymph infiltrate and granuloma

destruction of bile ducts

anti- mitochondria ab, ↑ IgM

33
Q

do klinefelter’s have sperm

A

no- none

47 xxy

34
Q

what is the hormone panel like in klinefelter

A

↑ FSH and LH

↓ testosterone

has destruction of seminiferous tubes

35
Q

UC or crohn’s has granulomas

A

crohn’s has non caseating granulomas

36
Q

describe crohn’s

A

cobblestone mucosa
transmural inflammation
string sign

37
Q

why is aflatoxin bad

A

causes p53 mutation

leads to hepatocellular carcinoma

38
Q

in gluconeogenisis, the first step is pyruvate + co2 –> oxaloacetate

what enzyme does this, and what regulates the enzyme

A

pyruvate carboxylase does it

acetyl - coa (1st step into TCA) regulates it

39
Q

what is the central step in pancreatic necrosis

A

trypsinogen–> trypsin

trypsin can activate other zymogens–> autodigestion

40
Q

what liver marker indicates alcoholism

A

AST»ALT

>2 AST:ALT

41
Q

Fun question, describe rectal lymph drainage

A

proximal to dentate line- int illiac

distal to dentate line- inguinal

42
Q

why do mallory weiss tears happen

A

increased ab pressure from retching, vomiting, and abdominal straining

43
Q

what is diphenoxylate

A

opiod anti-diarrheal

slows motility

atropine added in to avoid abuse

dolphin fountain

44
Q

what is the most important risk factor for pancreatic cancer

A

smoking

45
Q

s/s of pancreatic cancer

A

large non tender gallbladder

painless obstructive jaundice

pruritus, dark urine, pale stool

46
Q

what is histology of Reye syndrome

A

microvesicular steatosis

↓ mitochondria and glycogen depletion

no necrosis or inflammation

47
Q

alcohol and gallstones cause pancreatitis. what is a third more rare (20%) reason

A

try-glys over 1000 mg/dL

48
Q

what does ammonia do to the brain

A

depletes a-ketoglutarate–> inhibits kreb

accumulation of glutamine–> astrocyte swelling and dysfunction

49
Q

what is alpha ketoglutarate involved in

A

it is an intermediate in krebs and an intermediate in the ammonia transport alanine/glutamate cycle

50
Q

what is the most common liver tumor (benign)

A

cavernous hemangioma

blood filled vascular space

biopsy –> fatal bleeding so not needed

51
Q

what tumor is acs. w/ OCPs

A

hepatic adenoma

52
Q

what the FUCK is sertaline

A

SERrtaline is an SSRI

SER=SSRI

53
Q

what supplies majority blood supply to femoral neck

A

MEDIAL is MAJORITY of femoral neck

54
Q

if you cant metabolize fructose, you also cant metabolize?

A

Sucrose

55
Q

what is wrong in pku

A

phe–//–> tyrosine

due to ↓ phenylalanine hydroxylase

s/s: sz, retardation, pale

56
Q

what supposedly good cholesterol drug raises tri glys as s/e

A

cholestyramine

57
Q

what r the insulin independent body parts

A 
Kidney 
Intestine
Liver 
Brain 
RBCs
58
Q

what is the receptor for insulin glucose uptake

A

GLUT 4

59
Q

receptors for insulin independent glucose uptake

A

GLUT 1, 2, 3, 5

60
Q

what is a rare reason to have PKU

A

tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency (a cofactor in the same path)

2% of PKU

UNIQUE: has increased prolactin

61
Q

whats downstream in the PKU pathway

A

dopa
dopamine
norepi
epi

UWorld journal (51 decks)

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