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UWorld journal > Prometric Practice > Flashcards

Prometric Practice Flashcards

1
Q

↑ megakaryocytes on biopsy

A

Immune Thrombocytopenia

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2
Q

Immune thrombocytopenia antibody

A

Anti-GpIIb/IIIa antibodies

splenic macrophage consumption of
platelet‑antibody complex. Commonly due to viral illness.

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3
Q

Inhibition or deficiency of ADAMTS 13

A

ADAMTS =vWF metalloprotease

Thrombotic
thrombocytopenic
purpura

 platelet aggregation and thrombosis.

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4
Q

ADH is the same as

A

Vasopressin

Translocates an aquaporin

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5
Q

rare; characterized by widespread kidney damage due to granulomatous tissue containing foamy macrophages

A

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

Part of chronic pyelo

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6
Q

what is gemfibrozil

A

a fibrate

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7
Q

what is a side effect of fibbrates

A

↓ bile acid syntheisis–> gallstones

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8
Q

What are the side effects of statins

A

hepatic dysfunction

myopathy

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9
Q

What is a VIPoma

A

pancreatic islet tumor w/ ↑ VIP

increases stool Cl loss (which draws in h2o and more electrolytes)

Inhibits gastrin

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10
Q

x rashy ows air in biliary tree

A

gallstone ileus may be present. Gallstone obstructs ileocecal valve

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11
Q

What kind of gene is APC

A

tumor supressor

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12
Q

What does kras do

A

protooncogene. can lead to unregulated proliferation

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13
Q

what does a dcc mutation do

A

avoidance of apoptosis

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14
Q

What is wrong in essential fructosuria

A

fructokinase deficiency

benign because hexokinase can help you out still

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15
Q

what is wrong in hereditary fructose intolerance

A

↓ aldose b

toxic accumulation of fructose- 1 - phosphate

life threatening

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16
Q

What is beta oxidation of fat

A

breaking down fatty acid

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17
Q

where does beta oxidation of fat occur

A

mitochondria

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18
Q

what enzyme mediates b-oxidation of fat

A

carnitine acetyltransferase

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19
Q

what regulates the b-oxidation of fat

A

malonyl coa

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20
Q

What is the bioavailability of IV drugs

A

it is 100%

oral is usually never 100%

therefor use IV as the standard to compare oral to

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21
Q

where is the negative feedback for cortisol

A

hypothalamus and pit

feeds back to both

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22
Q

what does estrogen therapy do to thyroid

A

↑ thyroid binding hormone

but feedback still works

therefor normal levels of free T4

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23
Q

what are the two watershed areas of the colon

A 
splenic flexure (SMA, IMA)
rectosigmoid junction (sigmoid and superior rectal)
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24
Q

what enzyme cleaves bad bases in dna repair

A

glycosylase

cleaves altered base

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25
what does endonuclease do
cleaves the 5' bad site
26
what does lyase do
cleaves the 3' end of bad site
27
what seals the nick in dna repair
ligase
28
what is hyperestrinism/ when do you see it
liver chirrosis too much estrogen causes: Boobs, spider angiomata, palmar erythema ↓ pubic hair, ↓ tests
29
what does a carcinoid tumor look like on histology
small blue cells
30
what does a hamartoma look like on histology (from colon)
disorganized glands, smooth muscle, connective tissue seen in PJ and juvenile polyp s/s: bleeding/ intussusception
31
what are the symptoms of a hyperplastic polyp
none usually benign well differentiated
32
describe primary biliary cirrhosis
autoimmune- lymph infiltrate and granuloma destruction of bile ducts anti- mitochondria ab, ↑ IgM
33
do klinefelter's have sperm
no- none 47 xxy
34
what is the hormone panel like in klinefelter
↑ FSH and LH ↓ testosterone has destruction of seminiferous tubes
35
UC or crohn's has granulomas
crohn's has non caseating granulomas
36
describe crohn's
cobblestone mucosa transmural inflammation string sign
37
why is aflatoxin bad
causes p53 mutation | leads to hepatocellular carcinoma
38
in gluconeogenisis, the first step is pyruvate + co2 --> oxaloacetate what enzyme does this, and what regulates the enzyme
pyruvate carboxylase does it acetyl - coa (1st step into TCA) regulates it
39
what is the central step in pancreatic necrosis
trypsinogen--> trypsin trypsin can activate other zymogens--> autodigestion
40
what liver marker indicates alcoholism
AST>>ALT | >2 AST:ALT
41
Fun question, describe rectal lymph drainage
proximal to dentate line- int illiac distal to dentate line- inguinal
42
why do mallory weiss tears happen
increased ab pressure from retching, vomiting, and abdominal straining
43
what is diphenoxylate
opiod anti-diarrheal slows motility atropine added in to avoid abuse dolphin fountain
44
what is the most important risk factor for pancreatic cancer
smoking
45
s/s of pancreatic cancer
large non tender gallbladder painless obstructive jaundice pruritus, dark urine, pale stool
46
what is histology of Reye syndrome
microvesicular steatosis ↓ mitochondria and glycogen depletion no necrosis or inflammation
47
alcohol and gallstones cause pancreatitis. what is a third more rare (20%) reason
try-glys over 1000 mg/dL
48
what does ammonia do to the brain
depletes a-ketoglutarate--> inhibits kreb accumulation of glutamine--> astrocyte swelling and dysfunction
49
what is alpha ketoglutarate involved in
it is an intermediate in krebs and an intermediate in the ammonia transport alanine/glutamate cycle
50
what is the most common liver tumor (benign)
cavernous hemangioma blood filled vascular space biopsy --> fatal bleeding so not needed
51
what tumor is acs. w/ OCPs
hepatic adenoma
52
what the FUCK is sertaline
SERrtaline is an SSRI SER=SSRI
53
what supplies majority blood supply to femoral neck
MEDIAL is MAJORITY of femoral neck
54
if you cant metabolize fructose, you also cant metabolize?
Sucrose
55
what is wrong in pku
phe--//--> tyrosine due to ↓ phenylalanine hydroxylase s/s: sz, retardation, pale
56
what supposedly good cholesterol drug raises tri glys as s/e
cholestyramine
57
what r the insulin independent body parts
``` Kidney Intestine Liver Brain RBCs ```
58
what is the receptor for insulin glucose uptake
GLUT 4
59
receptors for insulin independent glucose uptake
GLUT 1, 2, 3, 5
60
what is a rare reason to have PKU
tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency (a cofactor in the same path) 2% of PKU UNIQUE: has increased prolactin
61
whats downstream in the PKU pathway
dopa dopamine norepi epi

UWorld journal (51 decks)

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