Neuro 2 Flashcards
excessive anxiety and preoccupation with symptoms
Somatic Symptom disorder
must have more than 1 symptom that is unexplained
No symptoms but constant concern and fear of having a serious illness
Illness anxiety disorder
anxious about illness
Neurologic symptoms w/o matching any known neurologic disease
Conversion disorder
-That crazy young nursing home lady crawling and meowing, she was clearly sick but it didnt match any known disease
Wanting attention from being sick, so faking sick
factious disorder
-Faking the facts, but its not hurting anyone
Faking being sick for a secondary gain other than attention
Mallingering
-the DDx name sounds like a crime, and this is like a crime
What is an organophosphate
decreases the degradation of Ach
therefore, ↑ Ach, and ↑ M + N stimulation
Atropine can only help with the M part
What medicine can reverse the M and N overdose effect of organophosphate poisoning
PraLIDoxime
The garbage LID closing near the fumes in sketchy
I cant stress this enough, know your cosros
COS3ROSI2J3H for CN exit
1- What forearm muscle does the radial nerve pierce through
2- where on hand is radial nerve
1- Supinator
2- superficial radial nerve is posterior thumb (exactly where your jean button scar is)
What do most patients with myasthenia gravis have
Thymoma or thymic hyperplasia
What does a regenerating neuron look like
Swelling of the cell body, nucleus moves to periphery, nissl substance disperses
What is the primary cause of lacunar infarct
chronic htn –> htn arteriosclerosis of small penetrating vessels
these are small ischemic infarcts involving deep brain structures
How does phenelzine work
irreversibly binds MAO A and B
if switching from this drug to another non MAOi antidepressant, must wait 2 weeks to regenerate MAO
What is dysthymia
persistent depressive disorder
chronic depression for > 2 years, + 2 depressive symptoms > 2 years
Why does vitamin E have nerve issues
Vit E = antioxidant
w/o E free radical damage of cells
What does Vit E nerve problem resemble
Friedreich ataxia
Vit B12 deficiency
What is a glioblastoma made out of
astrocytes
very malig, necrotic
may cross midline-butterfly glioma
What gives rise to the phrenic nerve
C3-C5
What is prion disease
a helix–> beta sheet and accumulates
“spongiform encephalopathy”
no inflammation
paraneoplastic syndrome/ cancer
cushing
small cell lung
pancreatic
tumor making acth
paraneoplastic syndrome/ cancer
SIADH
small cell lung
too much vasopressin
paraneoplastic syndrome/ cancer
Lambert Eaton
small cell
paraneoplastic syndrome/ cancer
myastinia gravis
thymoma
paraneoplastic syndrome/ cancer
Hypercalcemia
squamous lung
paraneoplastic syndrome/ cancer
erythrocytosis
renal cell
paraneoplastic syndrome/ cancer
variable/ autoimmune
variable cancer–> dermato/polymyositis
What urinary symptoms are common for MS
spastic bladder (hypertonia) after developing spinal cord lesions
What are the side effects of Li
DI
HYPOthyroid
tremor
What vision changes occur with posterior cerebral artery occlusion
Contralateral Homonymous w/ macular sparing (the little center dot is spared)
What is the presentation of a pinealoma
Tumor of pineal gland
Parinaud syndrome (compression–> gaze palsy)
Obstructive Hydrocephalus
Can make HCG–> vomiting
Where does the spine have the sympathetic butterfly spike thing
Thoracic Cord
What is the main mechanism of most urinary stones
Urine hypersaturation
Therefor the best/ only advice really for stone prevention is ↑ ↑ water intake
What kind of drug is Ramelteon
melatonin agonist
What are the 5 symptoms of schizophrenia and how many/how long for ddx
Must have at least one of:
delusion
hallucination
Disorganized speech
Plus:
disorganized behavior
negative symptoms
need 2 symptoms for > 6 months (1 month of + s/s)
What does an Ace inhibitor do to a kidney
efferent arteriole dilation –> ↓ glom pressure and filtration
esp/ bad if renal artery has stenosis
What does a diabetic kidney disease look like
progressive proteinuria–> nephrOTIC
Hyaline arteriosclerosis/ nodular glomerulosclerosis
What is the most dangerous side effect of manitol
pulm edema from rapidly increased volume messing up the lungs hydrostatic pressures
What kind of drug is chlordiazepoxide
its a benzo
What does the good pasture autoantibody react against
Collagen 4 (basement floor)
Where is the lowest osmolarity located in the nephron
DCT
What is a flame hemorrhage
malignant htn–> htn retinopathy–> flame hemorrhage
How is digoxin eliminated/ why do you care
kidneys
old people have slow kidneys and use it
So, more likely to have s/e of NV and visual abnormalities
This activates GABA at the spinal card, and helps with muscle spasm
BacloFen
Fun for the BACk
What is the general blood state of nephrotic syndrome
Hypercoagulable- often form loss of antithrombin 3
How buspirone work
stimulates 5ht receptors
This disease has IgG4 vs phospholipase A2
Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy
What is/ how do you treat status epilepticus
Benzodiazepines
status epilepticus- continuous recurrent sz over 5 min. May lead to brain death
What is the nerve for eyes pnemonic thing
SO4
LR6
What causes vitaligo
loss of epidermal melanocyte
What is the management for somatic symptom disorder
schedule regular visits with the same provider with the focus of functional improvement
psch consult can happen AFTER the pt accepts they have a mental condition
Do not order more tests
What is generally first affected by global ischemia
1- hippocampus
also, neocortex and purkinje cells of cerebellum
What is chronic tic disorder
motor or verbal tic that goes on for over a year
it is only ONE kind of tic (motor or verbal)
What is tourette disorder
characterized by multiple tics (one must be verbal)
