Review Mis Mash Flashcards
What is the most common cause of fetal hydronephrosis
Inadequate canalization of the ureteropelvic junction (aka urter doesnt connect to the kidney)
When is graft vs host usually seen
bone marrow transplant
After you hook up a new kidney, what is wrong if it instantly molts and makes no urine
Hyperacute rejection- a type 2 hypersensitivity
The host has preformed anti-donor antibodies
How long do symptoms need to be to call something PTSD
1 month or more
What is Aldose B Deficiency
hereditary fructose intolerance
What is the FAS receptor
Initiates extrinsic apoptosis
FAS mutation may prevent apoptosis of autoreactive lymphocytes –> ↑ autoimmune disorders
What does prolonged untreated obstructive sleep apnea lead to
Pulm Htn
What is wrong in the delta-F508 mutation
CF
3 base pair deletion –> shunts protein to the proteasome
Absence of apical protein on membrane
General Sensation of the tongue
anterior 2/3= mandibular branch of trigeminal
Gustatory (taste buds) = chorda tympani of facial
What is a TATA box
promoter region that binds transcription factors
Usually about 25 base pairs upstream from start codon
What makes a gap junction
Connexin
gap junctions are good for intercellular communication
ex: myometritail excitablity to give birth is mediated via gap junction
What makes a tight junction
Claudin
Serves as a barriers
What do cadherins make
Adherin junction, which is a cellular anchor
What are 3 examples of cellular anchors
Cadherin stuff:
Adherin junction
Desmosome
Integrin stuff:
Hemidesmosome
When you are talking about an embryo, what is a disruption
a normal tissue that is broken down incorrectly, like amniotic band syndrome
When talking about a fetus, what is a deformity
fetal structure abnormality that resulted from external mechanical force
When talking about a fetus, what is a malformation
a primary defect in cells/tissue –> downstream anomalie
ex: holoprosencehaly
what pathways use JAK/STAT
Colony stimulating factor Prolactin Growth hormone Cytokines these use a TK and a JAK/STAT
What is a phenotypic mixing
coinfection with 2 virusus
One of the “normal” viruses steals the other virusus nucleocapsid –> becomes kinda different
BUT the baby viruses will revert back to “normal” because the genetics never changed
What is the acronym for retroperitoneal organs
SAD PUCKER
Supra renal gland (aka adrenal)
Aorta and Vena Cava
Duodenum
Pancreas Uterus and bladder Colon (acending/descending) Kidney Esphogus Recutm
How is fat/ lipid absorbed
Pancreatic enzymes chew it up in duodenum
Bile salts emulsify it
Absorption happens in jejunum
What is nissle substance
rough ER of a neuron
This drug helps in chrons/UC
inhibits cytokines, PG, and leukotrienes
Sulfazine:5-aminosalicylates
What does sirolimus do
binds Fk- 506
Inhibits mTOR
Blocks IL 2
Prevents cell cycle and lymph production
s (2) I r (ir looks like IL) = blocks il2
This is a holostolic murmur that increase with intensity during inspiration
– S1- IIIIIIIII- S2——
Tricuspid regurg
These secret copious amount of alkaline into the duodnum
Brunner gland
Other would be pancreatic duct secretions
What is the nerve for achillies reflex
S1
what is the nerve for patellar reflex
L4
What do hox box genes do
Cranial caudal formation
Key for segmental organization
What kind of drug is bupropion
Nor-epi/Da reuptake inhibitor
What drug treates both seizures and mood disorder
Valporate
Good in bipolar
How does valporate work
blocks voltage gated sodium channels
enhances gaba
What can trigger chronic lithium toxicity
Thiazides
Diuretics
ACE inhibitors
NSAIDs
Lithium has a very narrow window
What are the stop codons
UAA
UAG
UGA
