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UWorld journal > Review Mis Mash > Flashcards

Review Mis Mash Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of fetal hydronephrosis

A

Inadequate canalization of the ureteropelvic junction (aka urter doesnt connect to the kidney)

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2
Q

When is graft vs host usually seen

A

bone marrow transplant

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3
Q

After you hook up a new kidney, what is wrong if it instantly molts and makes no urine

A

Hyperacute rejection- a type 2 hypersensitivity

The host has preformed anti-donor antibodies

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4
Q

How long do symptoms need to be to call something PTSD

A

1 month or more

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5
Q

What is Aldose B Deficiency

A

hereditary fructose intolerance

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6
Q

What is the FAS receptor

A

Initiates extrinsic apoptosis

FAS mutation may prevent apoptosis of autoreactive lymphocytes –> ↑ autoimmune disorders

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7
Q

What does prolonged untreated obstructive sleep apnea lead to

A

Pulm Htn

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8
Q

What is wrong in the delta-F508 mutation

A

CF

3 base pair deletion –> shunts protein to the proteasome

Absence of apical protein on membrane

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9
Q

General Sensation of the tongue

A

anterior 2/3= mandibular branch of trigeminal

Gustatory (taste buds) = chorda tympani of facial

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10
Q

What is a TATA box

A

promoter region that binds transcription factors

Usually about 25 base pairs upstream from start codon

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11
Q

What makes a gap junction

A

Connexin

gap junctions are good for intercellular communication

ex: myometritail excitablity to give birth is mediated via gap junction

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12
Q

What makes a tight junction

A

Claudin

Serves as a barriers

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13
Q

What do cadherins make

A

Adherin junction, which is a cellular anchor

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14
Q

What are 3 examples of cellular anchors

A

Cadherin stuff:
Adherin junction
Desmosome

Integrin stuff:
Hemidesmosome

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15
Q

When you are talking about an embryo, what is a disruption

A

a normal tissue that is broken down incorrectly, like amniotic band syndrome

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16
Q

When talking about a fetus, what is a deformity

A

fetal structure abnormality that resulted from external mechanical force

17
Q

When talking about a fetus, what is a malformation

A

a primary defect in cells/tissue –> downstream anomalie

ex: holoprosencehaly

18
Q

what pathways use JAK/STAT

A 
Colony stimulating factor
Prolactin 
Growth hormone 
Cytokines 
these use a TK and a JAK/STAT
19
Q

What is a phenotypic mixing

A

coinfection with 2 virusus

One of the “normal” viruses steals the other virusus nucleocapsid –> becomes kinda different

BUT the baby viruses will revert back to “normal” because the genetics never changed

20
Q

What is the acronym for retroperitoneal organs

A

SAD PUCKER

Supra renal gland (aka adrenal)
Aorta and Vena Cava
Duodenum

Pancreas 
Uterus and bladder 
Colon (acending/descending) 
Kidney 
Esphogus
Recutm
21
Q

How is fat/ lipid absorbed

A

Pancreatic enzymes chew it up in duodenum

Bile salts emulsify it

Absorption happens in jejunum

22
Q

What is nissle substance

A

rough ER of a neuron

23
Q

This drug helps in chrons/UC

inhibits cytokines, PG, and leukotrienes

A

Sulfazine:5-aminosalicylates

24
Q

What does sirolimus do

A

binds Fk- 506
Inhibits mTOR

Blocks IL 2

Prevents cell cycle and lymph production

s (2) I r (ir looks like IL) = blocks il2

25
Q

This is a holostolic murmur that increase with intensity during inspiration

– S1- IIIIIIIII- S2——

A

Tricuspid regurg

26
Q

These secret copious amount of alkaline into the duodnum

A

Brunner gland

Other would be pancreatic duct secretions

27
Q

What is the nerve for achillies reflex

A

S1

28
Q

what is the nerve for patellar reflex

A

L4

29
Q

What do hox box genes do

A

Cranial caudal formation

Key for segmental organization

30
Q

What kind of drug is bupropion

A

Nor-epi/Da reuptake inhibitor

31
Q

What drug treates both seizures and mood disorder

A

Valporate

Good in bipolar

32
Q

How does valporate work

A

blocks voltage gated sodium channels

enhances gaba

33
Q

What can trigger chronic lithium toxicity

A

Thiazides
Diuretics
ACE inhibitors
NSAIDs

Lithium has a very narrow window

34
Q

What are the stop codons

A

UAA
UAG
UGA

UWorld journal (51 decks)

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