Review Mis Mash Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of fetal hydronephrosis

A

Inadequate canalization of the ureteropelvic junction (aka urter doesnt connect to the kidney)

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2
Q

When is graft vs host usually seen

A

bone marrow transplant

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3
Q

After you hook up a new kidney, what is wrong if it instantly molts and makes no urine

A

Hyperacute rejection- a type 2 hypersensitivity

The host has preformed anti-donor antibodies

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4
Q

How long do symptoms need to be to call something PTSD

A

1 month or more

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5
Q

What is Aldose B Deficiency

A

hereditary fructose intolerance

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6
Q

What is the FAS receptor

A

Initiates extrinsic apoptosis

FAS mutation may prevent apoptosis of autoreactive lymphocytes –> ↑ autoimmune disorders

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7
Q

What does prolonged untreated obstructive sleep apnea lead to

A

Pulm Htn

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8
Q

What is wrong in the delta-F508 mutation

A

CF

3 base pair deletion –> shunts protein to the proteasome

Absence of apical protein on membrane

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9
Q

General Sensation of the tongue

A

anterior 2/3= mandibular branch of trigeminal

Gustatory (taste buds) = chorda tympani of facial

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10
Q

What is a TATA box

A

promoter region that binds transcription factors

Usually about 25 base pairs upstream from start codon

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11
Q

What makes a gap junction

A

Connexin

gap junctions are good for intercellular communication

ex: myometritail excitablity to give birth is mediated via gap junction

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12
Q

What makes a tight junction

A

Claudin

Serves as a barriers

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13
Q

What do cadherins make

A

Adherin junction, which is a cellular anchor

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14
Q

What are 3 examples of cellular anchors

A

Cadherin stuff:
Adherin junction
Desmosome

Integrin stuff:
Hemidesmosome

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15
Q

When you are talking about an embryo, what is a disruption

A

a normal tissue that is broken down incorrectly, like amniotic band syndrome

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16
Q

When talking about a fetus, what is a deformity

A

fetal structure abnormality that resulted from external mechanical force

17
Q

When talking about a fetus, what is a malformation

A

a primary defect in cells/tissue –> downstream anomalie

ex: holoprosencehaly

18
Q

what pathways use JAK/STAT

A
Colony stimulating factor
Prolactin 
Growth hormone 
Cytokines 
these use a TK and a JAK/STAT
19
Q

What is a phenotypic mixing

A

coinfection with 2 virusus

One of the “normal” viruses steals the other virusus nucleocapsid –> becomes kinda different

BUT the baby viruses will revert back to “normal” because the genetics never changed

20
Q

What is the acronym for retroperitoneal organs

A

SAD PUCKER

Supra renal gland (aka adrenal)
Aorta and Vena Cava
Duodenum

Pancreas 
Uterus and bladder 
Colon (acending/descending) 
Kidney 
Esphogus
Recutm
21
Q

How is fat/ lipid absorbed

A

Pancreatic enzymes chew it up in duodenum

Bile salts emulsify it

Absorption happens in jejunum

22
Q

What is nissle substance

A

rough ER of a neuron

23
Q

This drug helps in chrons/UC

inhibits cytokines, PG, and leukotrienes

A

Sulfazine:5-aminosalicylates

24
Q

What does sirolimus do

A

binds Fk- 506
Inhibits mTOR

Blocks IL 2

Prevents cell cycle and lymph production

s (2) I r (ir looks like IL) = blocks il2

25
This is a holostolic murmur that increase with intensity during inspiration -- S1- IIIIIIIII- S2------
Tricuspid regurg
26
These secret copious amount of alkaline into the duodnum
Brunner gland Other would be pancreatic duct secretions
27
What is the nerve for achillies reflex
S1
28
what is the nerve for patellar reflex
L4
29
What do hox box genes do
Cranial caudal formation | Key for segmental organization
30
What kind of drug is bupropion
Nor-epi/Da reuptake inhibitor
31
What drug treates both seizures and mood disorder
Valporate Good in bipolar
32
How does valporate work
blocks voltage gated sodium channels | enhances gaba
33
What can trigger chronic lithium toxicity
Thiazides Diuretics ACE inhibitors NSAIDs Lithium has a very narrow window
34
What are the stop codons
UAA UAG UGA