Morgan Wins at Biochem Flashcards
What causes hemoglobin c
single aa substitution in Hb
What is the mutation seen in HbS
Valine replaces glutamic acid
promotes hydrophobic rxn between hemoglobins–> sickling
What controls the balance between gluconeogenesis and glycolysis
Fructose 2,6- bisphosphate, which regulates phosphofructokinase 1
name a thing b12 does biochem like with blood
methylmalonyl coa– (b12 and MM CoA mutase) –> succinyl coa
this rxn goes to make heme
Most common urea cycle disorder
ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
X linked
body can’t eliminate ammonia well
If you dont eat it, how else can you get niacin
Tryptophan makes niacin (needs b2 and b6)
What does mTOR do
iL-2 –> mTOR–> gene
Glucose leaves the liver and goes to the muscle. what happens next on the way back to liver
glu–> pyruvate–> alanine
Alanine is here to pickup AA waste
alanine–> liver–> NH2 to the urea cycle –> pyruvate–> glucose–> etc
what is missing in gaucher
b-glucocerebrosidase
what are gaucher cells
macs with”wrinkled tissue paper” appearance from glucocerebroside accumulation
what pathway does glucagon use
↑ glucagon –> ↑ cAMP –> ↑ Protein kinase a –> –> gluconeogenesis
how does epinephrine work in the liver
↑ epi–> beta receptor –> ↑ cAMP –> ↑ protein kinase A–> ↑ glycogen phosphorylase kinase –> ↑ glucose
same of glucogon
what receptors ↑ protein kinase a
Gi and Gs
what does protein kinase a do?
↑ Ca
blocks myosin light chain phosphorylase in smooth muscle
what can lead to ↑ protein kinase c
DAG. from Gq
so… you wanna make glucose. what energy source gets you from TCA back up the chain
GTP- which comes from the TCA
succinyl coa–> succinate makes GTP
What is the power source of anaerobic gycolysis
niacin
insulin goes to its TK–> watch pathway leads to growth
RAS/ MAP
insulin goes to its TK. what pathway goes to ↑ GLUT 4
PI3K
what can riboflavin make
FMN and FAD
if you give methotrexate what happens
dihydrofolate is inhibited (usually this makes tetrahydrofolate)
folic acid and dihydrofolate acculumulates
blister porphyria is missing what
uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
if you are missing carnitine, what will be wrong
Fat degradation will not work
toxic accumulation in mitochondria
s/s: Weakness, hypotonia
↓ glucose, ketones
