Morgan Wins at Biochem

Question 1

What causes hemoglobin c

Answer 1

single aa substitution in Hb

Question 2

What is the mutation seen in HbS

Answer 2

Valine replaces glutamic acid

promotes hydrophobic rxn between hemoglobins–> sickling

Question 3

What controls the balance between gluconeogenesis and glycolysis

Answer 3

Fructose 2,6- bisphosphate, which regulates phosphofructokinase 1

Question 4

name a thing b12 does biochem like with blood

Answer 4

methylmalonyl coa– (b12 and MM CoA mutase) –> succinyl coa

this rxn goes to make heme

Question 5

Most common urea cycle disorder

Answer 5

ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency

X linked

body can’t eliminate ammonia well

Question 6

If you dont eat it, how else can you get niacin

Answer 6

Tryptophan makes niacin (needs b2 and b6)

Question 7

What does mTOR do

Answer 7

iL-2 –> mTOR–> gene

Question 8

Glucose leaves the liver and goes to the muscle. what happens next on the way back to liver

Answer 8

glu–> pyruvate–> alanine

Alanine is here to pickup AA waste

alanine–> liver–> NH2 to the urea cycle –> pyruvate–> glucose–> etc

Question 9

what is missing in gaucher

Answer 9

b-glucocerebrosidase

Question 10

what are gaucher cells

Answer 10

macs with”wrinkled tissue paper” appearance from glucocerebroside accumulation

Question 11

what pathway does glucagon use

Answer 11

↑ glucagon –> ↑ cAMP –> ↑ Protein kinase a –> –> gluconeogenesis

Question 12

how does epinephrine work in the liver

Answer 12

↑ epi–> beta receptor –> ↑ cAMP –> ↑ protein kinase A–> ↑ glycogen phosphorylase kinase –> ↑ glucose

same of glucogon

Question 13

what receptors ↑ protein kinase a

Answer 13

Gi and Gs

Question 14

what does protein kinase a do?

Answer 14

↑ Ca

blocks myosin light chain phosphorylase in smooth muscle

Question 15

what can lead to ↑ protein kinase c

Answer 15

DAG. from Gq

Question 16

so… you wanna make glucose. what energy source gets you from TCA back up the chain

Answer 16

GTP- which comes from the TCA

succinyl coa–> succinate makes GTP

Question 17

What is the power source of anaerobic gycolysis

Answer 17

niacin

Question 18

insulin goes to its TK–> watch pathway leads to growth

Answer 18

RAS/ MAP

Question 19

insulin goes to its TK. what pathway goes to ↑ GLUT 4

Answer 19

PI3K

Question 20

what can riboflavin make

Answer 20

FMN and FAD

Question 21

if you give methotrexate what happens

Answer 21

dihydrofolate is inhibited (usually this makes tetrahydrofolate)

folic acid and dihydrofolate acculumulates

Question 22

blister porphyria is missing what

Answer 22

uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase

Question 23

if you are missing carnitine, what will be wrong

Answer 23

Fat degradation will not work

toxic accumulation in mitochondria

s/s: Weakness, hypotonia
↓ glucose, ketones