Renal, but shit I got 99%

Question 1

Hyperurcemia as a s/e diruetics

Answer 1

Thiazide

Furosemide

Question 2

What drugs will decrease mortality in CHF

Answer 2

ACE/ARB
BB
spironolactone

Question 3

What is at least 1 good reason to rx a thiazide

Answer 3

htn

Question 4

What is at least 1 good reson NOT to use a thiazide

Answer 4

Thiazides are implicated in Lithium toxicity

Question 5

What do thiazides do

Answer 5

Block DCT– Na/Cl channel

happens to also ↓ Ca excretion

Question 6

What is a genetic problem that looks exactly like life long thiazide use

Answer 6

Gitelman

Question 7

What 2 drugs treat Calcium renal stones

Answer 7

Thiazide

Citrate

Question 8

Namethe thiazides

Answer 8

Hydrochlorothiazide
Chlorthalidone
Metolazone

Question 9

What is triamterene

Answer 9

K sparing diuretic

acts on collecting tube

Question 10

Why does CKD have hypocalcemia as a trait

Answer 10

In CKD, PO4 cannot clear due to ↓ GFR

PO4 binds Ca–> hypoca

↑ PHT due to ↓ Ca

Further a problem b/c kidney not making vit d–> even less Ca

Question 11

How do you fix a low Ca in CKD

Answer 11

Calcitriol and Ca supplements

Question 12

What are the most important steps in evaluating metabolic alkoloasuis

Answer 12

Volume Status

Urine Cl

Question 13

What are the most common reasons for metabolic alk

Answer 13

Vomiting- Loss of H/ Cl

Thiazide/ Loop- loss of H/ Cl

Question 14

What is almost always present for development of acute pylo

Answer 14

Vesicoureteral reflux or other anatomic problem

usually more likely to get normal UTI

Question 15

What are the 3 different types of Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Answer 15

1- Anti-GMB RPGN (goodpature)

2- Immune Complex RPGN (PSGN, SLE, IgA/ henoch sconein purpura)

3- Pauci Immune RPGN (no immunoglob) ex weCners- anca

Question 16

When Does ADPKD present

Answer 16

40-50 years

newborns- cycts way too small to see

Question 17

When do Waxy Casts present

Answer 17

CKD

Question 18

What is the best way to detect early nephrOpathy

Answer 18

UA albumin

Question 19

What receptors does ADH act on

Answer 19

V1- vasoconstriction

V2- antidiuretic

Question 20

Where is PAH reabsorbed

Answer 20

para-aminohippuric acid is not reabsorbed anywhere

Question 21

When would you see a WBC cast

Answer 21

Pyelo
Transplant reject
tubulointerstitial inflammation

Question 22

How do you calculates filtration fraction

Answer 22

FF= GFR / RPF

Question 23

What are the side effects of loop diuretics

Answer 23

Ototoxicity
HypoK
Dehydration 
Allergy (sulfa)
Alkalosis
Nephritis
Gout 

OH DAANG

Question 24

Why do loop diuretics cause ototoxicity

Answer 24

loops inhibit Na/K/2Cl in ascending loop

similar inhibition in inner ear–> ototoxicity

Question 25

How is acyclovir metabolized

Answer 25

Renal May crystallize in tubes--> tubular damage Aggressive hydration = prevention

Question 26

Describe the proteinuria of minimal change disease

Answer 26

highly SELECTIVE proteinuria- loss of charge selectivity loss of only small proteins (albumin) NO loss of large (IgG)

Question 27

What is the most common primary renal tumor

Answer 27

Renal Cell carcinoma often asymptomatic Polycythemia often seen due to tumor --> ↑ EPO

Question 28

What is Conn syndrome/ what is rx

Answer 28

primary hyperaldosteronism rx: eplerenone (less s/e vs spironolactone)

Question 29

What does aldosterone excess look like

Answer 29

Hypertension, met alk, ↓ renin

Question 30

What kind of incontinence does Oxybutynin treat

Answer 30

Urge Anti-M drug

Question 31

How would you treat post op failure to void

Answer 31

Bethanechol - direct M agonist a1 blocker

Question 32

What is a normal post void volume

Answer 32

Less than 50 CC

Question 33

How is bradykinin metabolized

Answer 33

By ACE that's why ACE has ↑ bradykinin

Question 34

How does cyclosporin work

Answer 34

Calcineuron inhibitor ( prevents IL 2 and thus T cells)

Question 35

What does grapefruit juice do to p450

Answer 35

inhibits p450

Question 36

What diuretic can treat glaucoma

Answer 36

acetazolamide- carbonic anhydrase inhibitors | ↓ HCO3 ↓ Aqueous humor --> better pressure

Question 37

What might MCD be related too

Answer 37

defect in immune fx, b/c MCD is often seen with uri, vacancies, etc

Question 38

define overflow incontinence

Answer 38

due to incomplete emptying | when bladder pressure exceeds sphincter--> continuous urine leakage

Question 39

Define stress incontinence

Answer 39

loss of pelvic floor support cough--> ↑ pressure--> brief UA loss

Question 40

What is the triad of hemolytic uremic syndrome

Answer 40

- microangiopathic hemolytic anemia - thrombocytopenia - acute kidney injury

Question 41

Describe Henoch Schonlein purpura

Answer 41

vasculitis IgA immune deposition in skin, kidney, joint, intestine presents with palpable purpura

Question 42

Describe Kawasaki

Answer 42

medium vessel arteritis Fever, conjunctivitis, cervical LAD, strawberry tongue

Question 43

What is a common cause of death in ADPKD

Answer 43

berry aneurysm

Question 44

How does one calculate net filtration

Answer 44

(Pc- Pi) - (nc-ni) hydrostatic difference - oncotic difference

Question 45

How is paraaminohippuric acid filtered

Answer 45

Freely filtered Carrier mediated process into tube cells (secretion from blood to tube)

Question 46

Which part of the kidney will have the argest issues with ischemia

Answer 46

straight proximal tubule Thick ascending limb These areas use ↑↑ ATP and thus have highest O2 demand

Question 47

What causes acute tubular necrosis

Answer 47

decreased renal perfusion hypovolemia, shock, surgery

Question 48

what is a bad prognostic factor for PSGN

Answer 48

presentation in adults kids do better

Question 49

What does angiotensin 2 do in the kidney

Answer 49

constricts efferent ACE inhibitor therefor--> dilated efferent

Question 50

What would look special in ethylene glycol poisoning in ATN (vs other ATN)

Answer 50

ethylene glycol will have Calcium Oxalatecrystals

Question 51

What is the most common site for mets from a RCC

Answer 51

lung RCC shows abundant clear cytoplasm

Question 52

What is the defect in fabray

Answer 52

x linked a-galactosidase A deficiency

Question 53

What should all DM patients with kidney problems be started on

Answer 53

ACE inhibitors ARB helps prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy

Question 54

What lab value can tell you GFR

Answer 54

Insulin or creatinine clearance

Question 55

What lab value can tell you renal plasma flow

Answer 55

PAH clearance

Question 56

How do you calculate the clearance of anything (s)

Answer 56

Clearance = ([UAs] x UA flow rate) // ([PlasamS])

Question 57

How do you calculate the excretion of anything (s)

Answer 57

excretion= (GFR)([plasma-s]) - (tubular reabsorption s)