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UWorld journal > Micro > Flashcards

Micro Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms of west nile

A

Fever

Rash

Enchplitis with possible flaccid paralysis

Meningitis

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2
Q

What is the leading cause of meningitis in adults

A

Strep pneumo

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3
Q

What is the second leading cause if meningitis in people under 60

A

N meningitidis

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4
Q

What are most common neonate meningitis

A

Strep b

Ecoli

Listeria

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5
Q

What does the ventral posterior lateral nucleaus receive input from

A

Spinothalamic

Dorsal column

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6
Q

What does the ventral posterior medial nuc receive input from

A

Trigemininal

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7
Q

What is the inheritence of essential tremor

A

AD

Most common movement disorder

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8
Q

How do you treat essential tremor

A

Beta blocker

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9
Q

Who cannot use abacavir, how does the drug work, what does it treat

A

HLA B 57 cannot use

NRTI

Rx for HIV

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10
Q

Systemic candida is most often due to

A

PMN deficiency

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11
Q

A tapeworm infection that affects the liver, lungs, brain, and other organs.

A

Hydadit cyst

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12
Q

Most common cause of hydadit cyst

A

Echinococcus granulosis (a tapeworm)

Comes from sheep and dogs

Rupture leads to anafalactic shock

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13
Q

Define micro reassortment

A

Gene exchange by crossing over

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14
Q

acute liver failure- rapid development of acute liver injury with severe impairment of the synthetic function and hepatic encephalopathy in a patient without obvious, previous liver disease.

A

Fulminant hepatitis

seen in less than 1% of hep infections

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15
Q

This is the most common helminthic infection in the USA

A

Enterobiasis (aka scratchy butt)

Organism is a pinworm

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16
Q

How does anthrax toxin work

A

increases cAMP casuing inflamation of mediatisnum

can fatally occlude airway

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17
Q

What is the characteristic finding of anthrax cutanous lesions

A

painless ulcer

Black scab

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18
Q

What causes leishmaniasis and what are s/s

A

Leishmania donovani

come from bit of a sand fly

s/s ab pain,distension, anorexia, wt loss, fever

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19
Q

What are the actinomyces buzzwords

A

Mandibular lesion
thick yellow exudate
long branching filament

*seen with dental procedure

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20
Q

WHo typically gets pseudomonas osteomyelitis

A

IV drug users

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21
Q

Cryptococcus neorformans basic buzzwords

A

AIDS defining (usually under 50)

Causes meningoencephalitis

Heavily Encapsulated, non dimorphic yeast

Can come from pigeon droppings

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22
Q

this is the uptake of genes from the enviroment by bacteria

A

Transformation

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23
Q

What is the best way to seperate fungal and bacterial meningitis

A

CSF Findings

PMN= bacteria

Lymph= fungal

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24
Q

What is the genome of EBV

A

Linear
DS DNA
+ Envelope

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25
This marker can help you determine someone may be an alcoholic, thus narrowing pneumonia ddx to klebseliia
y- glutamyltransferase
26
What is h pylori tripple therapy
PPI Clarithromycin Amoxicillin/Metronidazole
27
This is a weird test you can do for ricketsia
Weil Felix agglutination test | weil vs felix tennis game
28
What are the two types of reovirus
Rotavirus- #1 virus for kid diarrhea Coltivirus
29
This is the cause of colorado tick fever
Coltivirus
30
Coltivirus symptoms
colorado tick virus Myalgia, fever, vomiting
31
Gram positive motile rod with b hemoysis
Listeria mono
32
What is a major way your body gets rid of listeria
Cell mediated immunity Infants do not have Therefor more susciptable
33
Why can E. coli establish a CSF infection
K1 capsular antigen allows it to survive CSF and bloodstream
34
This causes release of tnfa and il1 by activating macs
Lipid a
35
Another name for shiga to in
Verotoxin
36
This is a ring enhancing lesion without toxo
Primary central nervous system lymphoma almost always from EBV
37
What is primary cns lymphoma
Ring enhancing EBV seen in HIV (2nd to toxo) B cell cancer
38
Large linear ulcers in esphogus is
HSV Cmv
39
80 percent of hepatic access in USA is from
Bacteria Often s aures, E. coli, kleb Undeveloped is parasite
40
What does shiga toxin do
Inactivates 60 s ribosomal subunit
41
Asthmatic on steroids with eosinophilia and transient pulm infiltrates and bronciectasis
Asprogilus hypersenstivity ABPA Stuff like strongaloides sometimes can present similar but no bronchectaisis
42
How does strep viridans avoid the immune system
Produce dextran using sucrose Helps colonize Likes to live in teeth and valves
43
What do we use alcohol swabs? Like how do they work
Alcohol disorganizes lipid membrane structures Kills bacteria (but not spores), fungus, virus
44
In alcoholics where do aspirates usually end up
UPPER LOBES They usually asparate while laying down
45
Ulcerative or vesicular lesion on genitals | Significant painful regional LAD
Chlamydia trachomatis
46
How do you catch campylobacter
Domestic animals Contaminated food
47
An old TB cavity now shows a round mass inside
Asprigillis fumigatus Likes to form fungus balls in lungs May be asympt or show hemptosis
48
What kind of drug is cefuroxime
2 cephlosporin Inhibits cell wall
49
What kind of drug is chloramphenicol
Inhibits 50 s Chlorinated pool sketchy
50
What kind of drug is ciprofloxacin
Fluoroquinolone Inhibits DNA gyrase
51
Aspirating stomach content is likely to lead to
Chemical pneumonitis >>> abscess
52
What do most people aspirate
Oropharyngeal contents- anarobic Creates foul smelling sputum
53
What is the ETEC toxin most similar to
Cholera toxin
54
Hematin and NAD are required for growth of
Haemophilus influ ``` Hematin= 10 NAD= 5 ```
55
What are the three treatments for c diff
Metro Vanc Fidaxomicin (bacterialcidal, like a macrolide)
56
What does strep viridans like to bind
Fibrin and platelets, which aggregate at sites of endothilial trama
57
What is Thayer Martin vcn
Vanc Colistin Nystatin Selective medium for n gonhreah Inhibits everything but gon and fungi
58
What is the capsul of anthrax like
Polymer of d glutamic acid resides | Inhibits phagocytosis
59
- Thick walled spherules containing Endo spores - Dimorphic Seen in deserts of USA and Mexico
Coccidioides immatus Asymptomic, flu like, or pneumonia can be see.
60
Separate hyphae branch at 45 | Mold form only
Asprigilus fumigatus
61
Broad based budding | Thick, doubly refractive wall
Blastomyces dermatitdis
62
Thick capsule India ink stain Causes meningitis usually
Cryptococcus neoformis
63
Small oval yeast in macs | Smaller than RBC
Histoplasma capsulatum
64
Broad ribbonlike hyphae with rare septations
Rhizopus
65
Conidia and hyphae classically seen Causes pustular ulcerated lesions Localized to wound or lymph
Sporothrix schenckii | Rose gardener disease
66
In neutropenia, the most common fungal infections are
Asprigilus- fever, CP, cough, hemoptosis Candida- rarely respitory
67
This is classically seen in DM | Sinus infection, can spread to orbits or brain
Rhizopus--> mucormycosis
68
What is hep e genome
Naked ss RNA Fecal oral Infects pregers
69
What do we use primaquine for
Malaria P vivax and ovale Eradicates intrahepatic stages aka hypnozoites (these cause relapse)
70
Mycobacterium Inhibits fusion of Lysosome to phagsome
Sulfatide
71
Mycobacterium Establishes virulence through pmn inhibition, mitochondria destruction, release of tnf
Cord factor- mycoside Makes mycos grow as serpentine cords
72
Hat is the H flu satellite phenomena
H flu likes to grow with s aureus S aureus produces factor 5 and 10
73
Buds off through nuclear membrane to get lipid bilayer
Herpes family
74
What is the hep b vacciene made of
Recombanat surface protein
75
How does diptheria vacciene work
IgG vs protein aka extortion B A= active. Inhibits ribosome B= binding. Allows a to penetrate
76
What blood complication exists for mycoplasma
Call membrane of M pneumo and erythrocytes are very similar IgM cross reacts (hence the igm agglutination)
77
What is the mortality of Mucor Species
even with frogs (amphotericin) and surgery mortality is very high
78
What causes progressive multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
JC Virus PML lesions in brain--> AMS, ataxia, motor issues, DEATH in 6 months
79
How do you treat diptheria
Diptheria anti toxin (passive imunization) ** most effect on prognosis Antibiotics Active immunization
80
How does one diagnosis strongaloides infection
Rhabditiform larva in the stool Eggs and adults are only seen in intestinal biopsy
81
What are most common CGD bugs
S aurues Burkholderia cepacia Serratia Nocardia Asprigilus

UWorld journal (51 decks)

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