Micro Flashcards
Symptoms of west nile
Fever
Rash
Enchplitis with possible flaccid paralysis
Meningitis
What is the leading cause of meningitis in adults
Strep pneumo
What is the second leading cause if meningitis in people under 60
N meningitidis
What are most common neonate meningitis
Strep b
Ecoli
Listeria
What does the ventral posterior lateral nucleaus receive input from
Spinothalamic
Dorsal column
What does the ventral posterior medial nuc receive input from
Trigemininal
What is the inheritence of essential tremor
AD
Most common movement disorder
How do you treat essential tremor
Beta blocker
Who cannot use abacavir, how does the drug work, what does it treat
HLA B 57 cannot use
NRTI
Rx for HIV
Systemic candida is most often due to
PMN deficiency
A tapeworm infection that affects the liver, lungs, brain, and other organs.
Hydadit cyst
Most common cause of hydadit cyst
Echinococcus granulosis (a tapeworm)
Comes from sheep and dogs
Rupture leads to anafalactic shock
Define micro reassortment
Gene exchange by crossing over
acute liver failure- rapid development of acute liver injury with severe impairment of the synthetic function and hepatic encephalopathy in a patient without obvious, previous liver disease.
Fulminant hepatitis
seen in less than 1% of hep infections
This is the most common helminthic infection in the USA
Enterobiasis (aka scratchy butt)
Organism is a pinworm
How does anthrax toxin work
increases cAMP casuing inflamation of mediatisnum
can fatally occlude airway
What is the characteristic finding of anthrax cutanous lesions
painless ulcer
Black scab
What causes leishmaniasis and what are s/s
Leishmania donovani
come from bit of a sand fly
s/s ab pain,distension, anorexia, wt loss, fever
What are the actinomyces buzzwords
Mandibular lesion
thick yellow exudate
long branching filament
*seen with dental procedure
WHo typically gets pseudomonas osteomyelitis
IV drug users
Cryptococcus neorformans basic buzzwords
AIDS defining (usually under 50)
Causes meningoencephalitis
Heavily Encapsulated, non dimorphic yeast
Can come from pigeon droppings
this is the uptake of genes from the enviroment by bacteria
Transformation
What is the best way to seperate fungal and bacterial meningitis
CSF Findings
PMN= bacteria
Lymph= fungal
What is the genome of EBV
Linear
DS DNA
+ Envelope
This marker can help you determine someone may be an alcoholic, thus narrowing pneumonia ddx to klebseliia
y- glutamyltransferase
What is h pylori tripple therapy
PPI
Clarithromycin
Amoxicillin/Metronidazole
This is a weird test you can do for ricketsia
Weil Felix agglutination test
weil vs felix tennis game
What are the two types of reovirus
Rotavirus- #1 virus for kid diarrhea
Coltivirus
This is the cause of colorado tick fever
Coltivirus
Coltivirus symptoms
colorado tick virus
Myalgia, fever, vomiting
Gram positive motile rod with b hemoysis
Listeria mono
What is a major way your body gets rid of listeria
Cell mediated immunity
Infants do not have
Therefor more susciptable
Why can E. coli establish a CSF infection
K1 capsular antigen allows it to survive CSF and bloodstream
This causes release of tnfa and il1 by activating macs
Lipid a
Another name for shiga to in
Verotoxin
This is a ring enhancing lesion without toxo
Primary central nervous system lymphoma
almost always from EBV
What is primary cns lymphoma
Ring enhancing
EBV
seen in HIV (2nd to toxo)
B cell cancer
Large linear ulcers in esphogus is
HSV
Cmv
80 percent of hepatic access in USA is from
Bacteria
Often s aures, E. coli, kleb
Undeveloped is parasite
What does shiga toxin do
Inactivates 60 s ribosomal subunit
Asthmatic on steroids with eosinophilia and transient pulm infiltrates and bronciectasis
Asprogilus hypersenstivity
ABPA
Stuff like strongaloides sometimes can present similar but no bronchectaisis
How does strep viridans avoid the immune system
Produce dextran using sucrose
Helps colonize
Likes to live in teeth and valves
What do we use alcohol swabs? Like how do they work
Alcohol disorganizes lipid membrane structures
Kills bacteria (but not spores), fungus, virus
In alcoholics where do aspirates usually end up
UPPER LOBES
They usually asparate while laying down
Ulcerative or vesicular lesion on genitals
Significant painful regional LAD
Chlamydia trachomatis
How do you catch campylobacter
Domestic animals
Contaminated food
An old TB cavity now shows a round mass inside
Asprigillis fumigatus
Likes to form fungus balls in lungs
May be asympt or show hemptosis
What kind of drug is cefuroxime
2 cephlosporin
Inhibits cell wall
What kind of drug is chloramphenicol
Inhibits 50 s
Chlorinated pool sketchy
What kind of drug is ciprofloxacin
Fluoroquinolone
Inhibits DNA gyrase
Aspirating stomach content is likely to lead to
Chemical pneumonitis»_space;> abscess
What do most people aspirate
Oropharyngeal contents- anarobic
Creates foul smelling sputum
What is the ETEC toxin most similar to
Cholera toxin
Hematin and NAD are required for growth of
Haemophilus influ
Hematin= 10 NAD= 5
What are the three treatments for c diff
Metro
Vanc
Fidaxomicin (bacterialcidal, like a macrolide)
What does strep viridans like to bind
Fibrin and platelets, which aggregate at sites of endothilial trama
What is Thayer Martin vcn
Vanc
Colistin
Nystatin
Selective medium for n gonhreah
Inhibits everything but gon and fungi
What is the capsul of anthrax like
Polymer of d glutamic acid resides
Inhibits phagocytosis
- Thick walled spherules containing Endo spores
- Dimorphic
Seen in deserts of USA and Mexico
Coccidioides immatus
Asymptomic, flu like, or pneumonia can be see.
Separate hyphae branch at 45
Mold form only
Asprigilus fumigatus
Broad based budding
Thick, doubly refractive wall
Blastomyces dermatitdis
Thick capsule
India ink stain
Causes meningitis usually
Cryptococcus neoformis
Small oval yeast in macs
Smaller than RBC
Histoplasma capsulatum
Broad ribbonlike hyphae with rare septations
Rhizopus
Conidia and hyphae classically seen
Causes pustular ulcerated lesions
Localized to wound or lymph
Sporothrix schenckii
Rose gardener disease
In neutropenia, the most common fungal infections are
Asprigilus- fever, CP, cough, hemoptosis
Candida- rarely respitory
This is classically seen in DM
Sinus infection, can spread to orbits or brain
Rhizopus–> mucormycosis
What is hep e genome
Naked
ss RNA
Fecal oral
Infects pregers
What do we use primaquine for
Malaria
P vivax and ovale
Eradicates intrahepatic stages aka hypnozoites (these cause relapse)
Mycobacterium
Inhibits fusion of Lysosome to phagsome
Sulfatide
Mycobacterium
Establishes virulence through pmn inhibition, mitochondria destruction, release of tnf
Cord factor- mycoside
Makes mycos grow as serpentine cords
Hat is the H flu satellite phenomena
H flu likes to grow with s aureus
S aureus produces factor 5 and 10
Buds off through nuclear membrane to get lipid bilayer
Herpes family
What is the hep b vacciene made of
Recombanat surface protein
How does diptheria vacciene work
IgG vs protein aka extortion B
A= active. Inhibits ribosome
B= binding. Allows a to penetrate
What blood complication exists for mycoplasma
Call membrane of M pneumo and erythrocytes are very similar
IgM cross reacts (hence the igm agglutination)
What is the mortality of Mucor Species
even with frogs (amphotericin) and surgery mortality is very high
What causes progressive multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
JC Virus
PML lesions in brain–> AMS, ataxia, motor issues, DEATH in 6 months
How do you treat diptheria
Diptheria anti toxin (passive imunization) ** most effect on prognosis
Antibiotics
Active immunization
How does one diagnosis strongaloides infection
Rhabditiform larva in the stool
Eggs and adults are only seen in intestinal biopsy
What are most common CGD bugs
S aurues
Burkholderia cepacia
Serratia
Nocardia
Asprigilus
