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UWorld journal > Micro > Flashcards

Micro Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms of west nile

A

Fever

Rash

Enchplitis with possible flaccid paralysis

Meningitis

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2
Q

What is the leading cause of meningitis in adults

A

Strep pneumo

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3
Q

What is the second leading cause if meningitis in people under 60

A

N meningitidis

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4
Q

What are most common neonate meningitis

A

Strep b

Ecoli

Listeria

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5
Q

What does the ventral posterior lateral nucleaus receive input from

A

Spinothalamic

Dorsal column

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6
Q

What does the ventral posterior medial nuc receive input from

A

Trigemininal

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7
Q

What is the inheritence of essential tremor

A

AD

Most common movement disorder

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8
Q

How do you treat essential tremor

A

Beta blocker

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9
Q

Who cannot use abacavir, how does the drug work, what does it treat

A

HLA B 57 cannot use

NRTI

Rx for HIV

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10
Q

Systemic candida is most often due to

A

PMN deficiency

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11
Q

A tapeworm infection that affects the liver, lungs, brain, and other organs.

A

Hydadit cyst

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12
Q

Most common cause of hydadit cyst

A

Echinococcus granulosis (a tapeworm)

Comes from sheep and dogs

Rupture leads to anafalactic shock

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13
Q

Define micro reassortment

A

Gene exchange by crossing over

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14
Q

acute liver failure- rapid development of acute liver injury with severe impairment of the synthetic function and hepatic encephalopathy in a patient without obvious, previous liver disease.

A

Fulminant hepatitis

seen in less than 1% of hep infections

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15
Q

This is the most common helminthic infection in the USA

A

Enterobiasis (aka scratchy butt)

Organism is a pinworm

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16
Q

How does anthrax toxin work

A

increases cAMP casuing inflamation of mediatisnum

can fatally occlude airway

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17
Q

What is the characteristic finding of anthrax cutanous lesions

A

painless ulcer

Black scab

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18
Q

What causes leishmaniasis and what are s/s

A

Leishmania donovani

come from bit of a sand fly

s/s ab pain,distension, anorexia, wt loss, fever

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19
Q

What are the actinomyces buzzwords

A

Mandibular lesion
thick yellow exudate
long branching filament

*seen with dental procedure

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20
Q

WHo typically gets pseudomonas osteomyelitis

A

IV drug users

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21
Q

Cryptococcus neorformans basic buzzwords

A

AIDS defining (usually under 50)

Causes meningoencephalitis

Heavily Encapsulated, non dimorphic yeast

Can come from pigeon droppings

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22
Q

this is the uptake of genes from the enviroment by bacteria

A

Transformation

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23
Q

What is the best way to seperate fungal and bacterial meningitis

A

CSF Findings

PMN= bacteria

Lymph= fungal

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24
Q

What is the genome of EBV

A

Linear
DS DNA
+ Envelope

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25
Q

This marker can help you determine someone may be an alcoholic, thus narrowing pneumonia ddx to klebseliia

A

y- glutamyltransferase

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26
Q

What is h pylori tripple therapy

A

PPI

Clarithromycin

Amoxicillin/Metronidazole

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27
Q

This is a weird test you can do for ricketsia

A

Weil Felix agglutination test

weil vs felix tennis game

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28
Q

What are the two types of reovirus

A

Rotavirus- #1 virus for kid diarrhea

Coltivirus

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29
Q

This is the cause of colorado tick fever

A

Coltivirus

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30
Q

Coltivirus symptoms

A

colorado tick virus

Myalgia, fever, vomiting

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31
Q

Gram positive motile rod with b hemoysis

A

Listeria mono

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32
Q

What is a major way your body gets rid of listeria

A

Cell mediated immunity
Infants do not have
Therefor more susciptable

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33
Q

Why can E. coli establish a CSF infection

A

K1 capsular antigen allows it to survive CSF and bloodstream

34
Q

This causes release of tnfa and il1 by activating macs

A

Lipid a

35
Q

Another name for shiga to in

A

Verotoxin

36
Q

This is a ring enhancing lesion without toxo

A

Primary central nervous system lymphoma

almost always from EBV

37
Q

What is primary cns lymphoma

A

Ring enhancing
EBV
seen in HIV (2nd to toxo)
B cell cancer

38
Q

Large linear ulcers in esphogus is

A

HSV

Cmv

39
Q

80 percent of hepatic access in USA is from

A

Bacteria

Often s aures, E. coli, kleb

Undeveloped is parasite

40
Q

What does shiga toxin do

A

Inactivates 60 s ribosomal subunit

41
Q

Asthmatic on steroids with eosinophilia and transient pulm infiltrates and bronciectasis

A

Asprogilus hypersenstivity

ABPA

Stuff like strongaloides sometimes can present similar but no bronchectaisis

42
Q

How does strep viridans avoid the immune system

A

Produce dextran using sucrose

Helps colonize

Likes to live in teeth and valves

43
Q

What do we use alcohol swabs? Like how do they work

A

Alcohol disorganizes lipid membrane structures

Kills bacteria (but not spores), fungus, virus

44
Q

In alcoholics where do aspirates usually end up

A

UPPER LOBES

They usually asparate while laying down

45
Q

Ulcerative or vesicular lesion on genitals

Significant painful regional LAD

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

46
Q

How do you catch campylobacter

A

Domestic animals

Contaminated food

47
Q

An old TB cavity now shows a round mass inside

A

Asprigillis fumigatus

Likes to form fungus balls in lungs

May be asympt or show hemptosis

48
Q

What kind of drug is cefuroxime

A

2 cephlosporin

Inhibits cell wall

49
Q

What kind of drug is chloramphenicol

A

Inhibits 50 s

Chlorinated pool sketchy

50
Q

What kind of drug is ciprofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone

Inhibits DNA gyrase

51
Q

Aspirating stomach content is likely to lead to

A

Chemical pneumonitis&raquo_space;> abscess

52
Q

What do most people aspirate

A

Oropharyngeal contents- anarobic

Creates foul smelling sputum

53
Q

What is the ETEC toxin most similar to

A

Cholera toxin

54
Q

Hematin and NAD are required for growth of

A

Haemophilus influ

Hematin= 10
NAD= 5
55
Q

What are the three treatments for c diff

A

Metro

Vanc

Fidaxomicin (bacterialcidal, like a macrolide)

56
Q

What does strep viridans like to bind

A

Fibrin and platelets, which aggregate at sites of endothilial trama

57
Q

What is Thayer Martin vcn

A

Vanc
Colistin
Nystatin

Selective medium for n gonhreah

Inhibits everything but gon and fungi

58
Q

What is the capsul of anthrax like

A

Polymer of d glutamic acid resides

Inhibits phagocytosis

59
Q
  • Thick walled spherules containing Endo spores
  • Dimorphic

Seen in deserts of USA and Mexico

A

Coccidioides immatus

Asymptomic, flu like, or pneumonia can be see.

60
Q

Separate hyphae branch at 45

Mold form only

A

Asprigilus fumigatus

61
Q

Broad based budding

Thick, doubly refractive wall

A

Blastomyces dermatitdis

62
Q

Thick capsule
India ink stain
Causes meningitis usually

A

Cryptococcus neoformis

63
Q

Small oval yeast in macs

Smaller than RBC

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

64
Q

Broad ribbonlike hyphae with rare septations

A

Rhizopus

65
Q

Conidia and hyphae classically seen

Causes pustular ulcerated lesions

Localized to wound or lymph

A

Sporothrix schenckii

Rose gardener disease

66
Q

In neutropenia, the most common fungal infections are

A

Asprigilus- fever, CP, cough, hemoptosis

Candida- rarely respitory

67
Q

This is classically seen in DM

Sinus infection, can spread to orbits or brain

A

Rhizopus–> mucormycosis

68
Q

What is hep e genome

A

Naked

ss RNA

Fecal oral

Infects pregers

69
Q

What do we use primaquine for

A

Malaria
P vivax and ovale

Eradicates intrahepatic stages aka hypnozoites (these cause relapse)

70
Q

Mycobacterium

Inhibits fusion of Lysosome to phagsome

A

Sulfatide

71
Q

Mycobacterium

Establishes virulence through pmn inhibition, mitochondria destruction, release of tnf

A

Cord factor- mycoside

Makes mycos grow as serpentine cords

72
Q

Hat is the H flu satellite phenomena

A

H flu likes to grow with s aureus

S aureus produces factor 5 and 10

73
Q

Buds off through nuclear membrane to get lipid bilayer

A

Herpes family

74
Q

What is the hep b vacciene made of

A

Recombanat surface protein

75
Q

How does diptheria vacciene work

A

IgG vs protein aka extortion B

A= active. Inhibits ribosome

B= binding. Allows a to penetrate

76
Q

What blood complication exists for mycoplasma

A

Call membrane of M pneumo and erythrocytes are very similar

IgM cross reacts (hence the igm agglutination)

77
Q

What is the mortality of Mucor Species

A

even with frogs (amphotericin) and surgery mortality is very high

78
Q

What causes progressive multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

A

JC Virus

PML lesions in brain–> AMS, ataxia, motor issues, DEATH in 6 months

79
Q

How do you treat diptheria

A

Diptheria anti toxin (passive imunization) ** most effect on prognosis

Antibiotics

Active immunization

80
Q

How does one diagnosis strongaloides infection

A

Rhabditiform larva in the stool

Eggs and adults are only seen in intestinal biopsy

81
Q

What are most common CGD bugs

A

S aurues

Burkholderia cepacia

Serratia

Nocardia

Asprigilus

UWorld journal (51 decks)

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