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UWorld journal > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Why is the wolf Parkinson’s triad

A

Short PR

Delta wave

Wide QRS

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2
Q

What is it to have an accessory AV pathway

A

Wolf Parkinson’s white syndrome

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3
Q

Common treatment for stable angina

A

sublingual nitroglycerine

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4
Q

Nitrates work via

A

↑ NO –> ↑ cGMP

relax smooth muscle

dilate veins&raquo_space;» arteries

↓ Preload

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5
Q

What cardiac abnormality is seen in turner

A

Bicuspid aortic valve

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6
Q

This drug blocks p2y on plt ADP receptors. Can be used in place of aspirin for CV health

A

Clopidogrel

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7
Q

What does cardiac output equal

A

CO= SV x HR

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8
Q

From Lateral to medial, what is the “stuff” in femoral triangle

A

Femoral : Nerve- Artery- Vein
Nerve is most lateral
Vein is most medial

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9
Q

What is the relationship between IVC and R Renal Artery

A

The right renal artery runs below the ivc!!

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10
Q

Please name a reversable and an irreverasable alpha blocker

A

Reversable: Phentolamine

Irreversable: Phenoxybenzamine

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11
Q

What are the dead on signs for digoxin toxicity

A

Life threating arythmia (of any type)

Changes in color vision

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12
Q

What is BNP

A

Brain natriuretic peptide
Elevated in heart failure
Released by ventricles in response to stress

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13
Q

What does BNP cause

A

vasodilation
Diuresis
↓ BP

*thus its natural actions relives s/s of heart failure

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14
Q

What is wrong with this BP, and what is the cause:

180/70

A

↑ systolic with normal diastolic

This is caused by decreased aortic compliance with ageing

Very common problem

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15
Q

What valve does rheumatic heart disease affect

A

can affect the aortic.

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16
Q

Herditary Pulm Hypertension is caused by

A

inactivating mutation of BMPR2

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17
Q

What is the side effct of doxorubicin

A

Dialated cardiomyopathy

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18
Q

How does an MAOi work

A

inhibits monoamine degradation

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19
Q

What are the classic signs of cardiac tamponade

A

Hypotension
↑ JVD
Muffled heart sounds

Beck triad

*shows a drop in pulse amplitude during inspiration

20
Q

Which tissue has the highest demand for oxygen

A

The heart

21
Q

What is inotropy

A

cardiac cantractlity

22
Q

What is lusitropy

A

cardiac relaxation

23
Q

What is chronotropy

A

slowing of heart rate

24
Q

How does ivabradine work

A

Slows heart rate by inhibiting funny sodium channels

Prolongs slow depolarization phase

DOES NOT change intotroy or lusitropy

25
Q

Blood flow is directly porportional to the vessel radius ______

A

Raised to the 4th power

Ex: a vessel decreasesby a factor of 16 is 50% smaller

2^4= 16, thus half as big

26
Q

This a rare and serious side effect of ACE inhibitors

A

Angioedema
It is due to increased bradykinin–> ↑ Vascular permablity–> swelling

STOP ACE i in these pts

27
Q

What is mitochondria vacuolization

A

Irreversable damge to mitochondria

28
Q

What is pyknosis

A

nuclear shrinkage

29
Q

How much stenosis must be present to feel angina

A

> 75 % obstruction

30
Q

What extra heart sound is normal in young people

A

s3

31
Q

what extra heart sound is normal in old people

A

s4

32
Q

What is s4

A

When the LV is hypertrophied

The atria is trying to push blood out against a stiff ventricle, you basically hear it hitting the LV

33
Q

What is cilostazol

A

phosphodiesterase inhibitor

prevents plt aggregation

acts as a direct arterial vasodilator

34
Q

What is the dosing interval for nitrates

A

Should not take nitrate at night to avoid tolerance and decrease in effectiveness

35
Q

If a pt gets a cough from using an ACE inhbitor, what alternative should you switch to

A

a sartan aka and angiotenson receptor blocker

ARBS do not raise bradykinin

36
Q

How do you treat a tricyclic antidepresent overdose + how can you tell someone has overdosed

A

Sodium Bicarb

s/s of TCAD 
-AMS
-prolonged QRS
arythmia
-general anti-cholinergic
37
Q

What are cardioselective beta blockers

A

Metoprolol
Atenolol
Bisoprolol
Nebivolol

  • these prefer B1

Never Break My heArt

38
Q

If you are stabbed near your sternum, what probably got hit

A

The right ventricle

It pretty much takes up the entire anterior surface of the heart

39
Q

What makes up the hearts most posterior surface

A

Left Atrium

40
Q

______ is the most common cause of death 48 hours after an MI

A

V-Fib

41
Q

When would cardiac wall rupture likely present in the setting of an MI

A

3-7 days post MI as debris clean up is happening

42
Q

What electrolyte change in the heart is happening during the QRS

A

Na is flowing In

43
Q

What electrolyte change is happening during the T wave

A

K is flowing out

44
Q

Why does sitting up and leaning forward help in pericarditis

A

relieves the pressure on the pericardium

45
Q

What kind of endocarditis is seen in lupus

A

Libman Sacks endocarditis

vegitations are seen on both sides of the leaflet

UWorld journal (51 decks)

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