Cardio

Question 1

Why is the wolf Parkinson’s triad

Answer 1

Short PR

Delta wave

Wide QRS

Question 2

What is it to have an accessory AV pathway

Answer 2

Wolf Parkinson’s white syndrome

Question 3

Common treatment for stable angina

Answer 3

sublingual nitroglycerine

Question 4

Nitrates work via

Answer 4

↑ NO –> ↑ cGMP

relax smooth muscle

dilate veins&raquo_space;» arteries

↓ Preload

Question 5

What cardiac abnormality is seen in turner

Answer 5

Bicuspid aortic valve

Question 6

This drug blocks p2y on plt ADP receptors. Can be used in place of aspirin for CV health

Answer 6

Clopidogrel

Question 7

What does cardiac output equal

Answer 7

CO= SV x HR

Question 8

From Lateral to medial, what is the “stuff” in femoral triangle

Answer 8

Femoral : Nerve- Artery- Vein
Nerve is most lateral
Vein is most medial

Question 9

What is the relationship between IVC and R Renal Artery

Answer 9

The right renal artery runs below the ivc!!

Question 10

Please name a reversable and an irreverasable alpha blocker

Answer 10

Reversable: Phentolamine

Irreversable: Phenoxybenzamine

Question 11

What are the dead on signs for digoxin toxicity

Answer 11

Life threating arythmia (of any type)

Changes in color vision

Question 12

What is BNP

Answer 12

Brain natriuretic peptide
Elevated in heart failure
Released by ventricles in response to stress

Question 13

What does BNP cause

Answer 13

vasodilation
Diuresis
↓ BP

*thus its natural actions relives s/s of heart failure

Question 14

What is wrong with this BP, and what is the cause:

180/70

Answer 14

↑ systolic with normal diastolic

This is caused by decreased aortic compliance with ageing

Very common problem

Question 15

What valve does rheumatic heart disease affect

Answer 15

can affect the aortic.

Question 16

Herditary Pulm Hypertension is caused by

Answer 16

inactivating mutation of BMPR2

Question 17

What is the side effct of doxorubicin

Answer 17

Dialated cardiomyopathy

Question 18

How does an MAOi work

Answer 18

inhibits monoamine degradation

Question 19

What are the classic signs of cardiac tamponade

Answer 19

Hypotension
↑ JVD
Muffled heart sounds

Beck triad

*shows a drop in pulse amplitude during inspiration

Question 20

Which tissue has the highest demand for oxygen

Answer 20

The heart

Question 21

What is inotropy

Answer 21

cardiac cantractlity

Question 22

What is lusitropy

Answer 22

cardiac relaxation

Question 23

What is chronotropy

Answer 23

slowing of heart rate

Question 24

How does ivabradine work

Answer 24

Slows heart rate by inhibiting funny sodium channels

Prolongs slow depolarization phase

DOES NOT change intotroy or lusitropy

Question 25

Blood flow is directly porportional to the vessel radius ______

Answer 25

Raised to the 4th power Ex: a vessel decreasesby a factor of 16 is 50% smaller 2^4= 16, thus half as big

Question 26

This a rare and serious side effect of ACE inhibitors

Answer 26

Angioedema It is due to increased bradykinin--> ↑ Vascular permablity--> swelling STOP ACE i in these pts

Question 27

What is mitochondria vacuolization

Answer 27

Irreversable damge to mitochondria

Question 28

What is pyknosis

Answer 28

nuclear shrinkage

Question 29

How much stenosis must be present to feel angina

Answer 29

> 75 % obstruction

Question 30

What extra heart sound is normal in young people

Answer 30

s3

Question 31

what extra heart sound is normal in old people

Answer 31

s4

Question 32

What is s4

Answer 32

When the LV is hypertrophied The atria is trying to push blood out against a stiff ventricle, you basically hear it hitting the LV

Question 33

What is cilostazol

Answer 33

phosphodiesterase inhibitor prevents plt aggregation acts as a direct arterial vasodilator

Question 34

What is the dosing interval for nitrates

Answer 34

Should not take nitrate at night to avoid tolerance and decrease in effectiveness

Question 35

If a pt gets a cough from using an ACE inhbitor, what alternative should you switch to

Answer 35

a sartan aka and angiotenson receptor blocker ARBS do not raise bradykinin

Question 36

How do you treat a tricyclic antidepresent overdose + how can you tell someone has overdosed

Answer 36

Sodium Bicarb ``` s/s of TCAD -AMS -prolonged QRS arythmia -general anti-cholinergic ```

Question 37

What are cardioselective beta blockers

Answer 37

Metoprolol Atenolol Bisoprolol Nebivolol * these prefer B1 Never Break My heArt

Question 38

If you are stabbed near your sternum, what probably got hit

Answer 38

The right ventricle It pretty much takes up the entire anterior surface of the heart

Question 39

What makes up the hearts most posterior surface

Answer 39

Left Atrium

Question 40

______ is the most common cause of death 48 hours after an MI

Answer 40

V-Fib

Question 41

When would cardiac wall rupture likely present in the setting of an MI

Answer 41

3-7 days post MI as debris clean up is happening

Question 42

What electrolyte change in the heart is happening during the QRS

Answer 42

Na is flowing In

Question 43

What electrolyte change is happening during the T wave

Answer 43

K is flowing out

Question 44

Why does sitting up and leaning forward help in pericarditis

Answer 44

relieves the pressure on the pericardium

Question 45

What kind of endocarditis is seen in lupus

Answer 45

Libman Sacks endocarditis vegitations are seen on both sides of the leaflet