Cardio Flashcards
Why is the wolf Parkinson’s triad
Short PR
Delta wave
Wide QRS
What is it to have an accessory AV pathway
Wolf Parkinson’s white syndrome
Common treatment for stable angina
sublingual nitroglycerine
Nitrates work via
↑ NO –> ↑ cGMP
relax smooth muscle
dilate veins»_space;» arteries
↓ Preload
What cardiac abnormality is seen in turner
Bicuspid aortic valve
This drug blocks p2y on plt ADP receptors. Can be used in place of aspirin for CV health
Clopidogrel
What does cardiac output equal
CO= SV x HR
From Lateral to medial, what is the “stuff” in femoral triangle
Femoral : Nerve- Artery- Vein
Nerve is most lateral
Vein is most medial
What is the relationship between IVC and R Renal Artery
The right renal artery runs below the ivc!!
Please name a reversable and an irreverasable alpha blocker
Reversable: Phentolamine
Irreversable: Phenoxybenzamine
What are the dead on signs for digoxin toxicity
Life threating arythmia (of any type)
Changes in color vision
What is BNP
Brain natriuretic peptide
Elevated in heart failure
Released by ventricles in response to stress
What does BNP cause
vasodilation
Diuresis
↓ BP
*thus its natural actions relives s/s of heart failure
What is wrong with this BP, and what is the cause:
180/70
↑ systolic with normal diastolic
This is caused by decreased aortic compliance with ageing
Very common problem
What valve does rheumatic heart disease affect
can affect the aortic.
Herditary Pulm Hypertension is caused by
inactivating mutation of BMPR2
What is the side effct of doxorubicin
Dialated cardiomyopathy
How does an MAOi work
inhibits monoamine degradation
What are the classic signs of cardiac tamponade
Hypotension
↑ JVD
Muffled heart sounds
Beck triad
*shows a drop in pulse amplitude during inspiration
Which tissue has the highest demand for oxygen
The heart
What is inotropy
cardiac cantractlity
What is lusitropy
cardiac relaxation
What is chronotropy
slowing of heart rate
How does ivabradine work
Slows heart rate by inhibiting funny sodium channels
Prolongs slow depolarization phase
DOES NOT change intotroy or lusitropy
Blood flow is directly porportional to the vessel radius ______
Raised to the 4th power
Ex: a vessel decreasesby a factor of 16 is 50% smaller
2^4= 16, thus half as big
This a rare and serious side effect of ACE inhibitors
Angioedema
It is due to increased bradykinin–> ↑ Vascular permablity–> swelling
STOP ACE i in these pts
What is mitochondria vacuolization
Irreversable damge to mitochondria
What is pyknosis
nuclear shrinkage
How much stenosis must be present to feel angina
> 75 % obstruction
What extra heart sound is normal in young people
s3
what extra heart sound is normal in old people
s4
What is s4
When the LV is hypertrophied
The atria is trying to push blood out against a stiff ventricle, you basically hear it hitting the LV
What is cilostazol
phosphodiesterase inhibitor
prevents plt aggregation
acts as a direct arterial vasodilator
What is the dosing interval for nitrates
Should not take nitrate at night to avoid tolerance and decrease in effectiveness
If a pt gets a cough from using an ACE inhbitor, what alternative should you switch to
a sartan aka and angiotenson receptor blocker
ARBS do not raise bradykinin
How do you treat a tricyclic antidepresent overdose + how can you tell someone has overdosed
Sodium Bicarb
s/s of TCAD -AMS -prolonged QRS arythmia -general anti-cholinergic
What are cardioselective beta blockers
Metoprolol
Atenolol
Bisoprolol
Nebivolol
- these prefer B1
Never Break My heArt
If you are stabbed near your sternum, what probably got hit
The right ventricle
It pretty much takes up the entire anterior surface of the heart
What makes up the hearts most posterior surface
Left Atrium
______ is the most common cause of death 48 hours after an MI
V-Fib
When would cardiac wall rupture likely present in the setting of an MI
3-7 days post MI as debris clean up is happening
What electrolyte change in the heart is happening during the QRS
Na is flowing In
What electrolyte change is happening during the T wave
K is flowing out
Why does sitting up and leaning forward help in pericarditis
relieves the pressure on the pericardium
What kind of endocarditis is seen in lupus
Libman Sacks endocarditis
vegitations are seen on both sides of the leaflet
