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UWorld journal > Neuro Never Ends > Flashcards

Neuro Never Ends Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the histology/stuff of pilocytic astrocytoma

A 
Cystic tumor of cerebellum 
Spindle Cells
Rosenthal Fibers 
Granular eosinophilic bodies 
*Kids
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2
Q

Describe the histology/stuff glioblastoma multiforme

A

Deep structures
Crosses midline- butterfly
Pleomorphic astrocytes
*Necrosis/ microvasculature

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3
Q

Describe the histology/stuff medulloblastoma

A 
Primitive Neuroectoderm 
Homer Wright rosettes
Small round blue cells 
*Kids, posterior fossa
*Bad prognosis
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4
Q

Describe the histology/stuff ependymoma

A

4th ventricle
kids
Pseudorosettes

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5
Q

Describe the histology/stuff neuroblastoma

A

N-Myc
Extra Cranial
Kids

UA
homovanillic acid
and/or
vanillymandelic acid

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6
Q

What is synaptophysin

A

Neuroendocrine or neuroectoderm cells

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7
Q

Neoplasms of _____ origin stain + for GFAP

A

Glial origin= GFAP

Astrocytoma
Ependymoma
Oligodroglioma

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8
Q

What are all the DSM 5 features of major depressive disorder

A

> 2 weeks

Need 5 or more of

*Depressed mood
*Loss of interest
Change in appetite/weight
Sleep problems
Psychomotor retardation/agitation
Low energy
Poor concentration
Worthlessness/ guilt
SI

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9
Q

Crescent shaped bleed

Gradual Onset of s/s

A

Subdural hematoma

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10
Q

This describes the congenital absence of Gyri

A

Lissencephaly

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11
Q

Normal CSF content
Younge obese women
↑ ICP

A

Pseudotumor cerebri

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of cocaine/ “upper” withdrawal

A 
Depression
Fatigue
Hypersomnia
Hyperphagia
Vivid Dreams
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13
Q

Hypoplasia/absence of cerebellar vermis

A

Dandy walker malformation
Cystic dilation of 4th ventricle
non communicating hydrocephalus

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14
Q

Strongest risk for SI

A

1- previous SI attempt

also, 90% have diagnosable psych illness at time of death by SI

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15
Q

What kind of drug is Thiopental

A

Barb
↑ Duration of Cl channel / Gaba

Has rapid onset/ rapid recovery (from redistribution) good for induction ANA, usually not maintenance

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16
Q

How many words should a kid say at 2 years old

A

50-200

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17
Q

Which Cranial Nerves exit at midbrain

A

3, 4

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18
Q

Which cranial nerves exit at Pons

A

5-8

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19
Q

Which CN exit at medulla

A

9, 10, 12

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20
Q

Which CN exits at spine

A

CN 11

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21
Q

Which CN exits the dorsal brain stem

A

CN 4 leaves the stem dorsally

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22
Q

Which CN exits directly out of middle of pons

A

Trigeminal

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23
Q

What is the major problem for patients recovering from subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Vasospasm 4- 12 days after bleed is problematic

major cause of morbidity and mortality

24
Q

How do you treat SAH vasospasm

A

Ca Channel Blocker - Nimodipine

25
Q

Which antipsychotics has the most anti-cholinergic effects

A

Low potency FGAs

26
Q

What does a tricyclic overdose look like

A

Anticholinergic

particularly amitriptyline

27
Q

What characterizes borderline personality

A

unstable relationships
mood lability
impulsive
SI in context of interpersonal crisis

28
Q

How does Ketamine work

A

blocks NMDA receptors

29
Q

What receptor does PCP work on

A

NMDA antagonist

30
Q

Symptoms of temporal arteritis

A

giant cell vasculitis
HA–> Blindness
Jaw Claudication
Polymyalgia rheumatica

31
Q

What do you call the inflammation of polymyositis

A

Endomysial

32
Q

What do you call the inflammation of Guillain Barre

A

Endoneural

33
Q

The _____ is the measure of potency for an inhaled anesthetic

A

Minimum Alveolar concentration

34
Q

What is MAC

A

min alveolar concentration

concentration when ana renders 50% of patients unresponsive

35
Q

What are the 2 presentations of TMJ and why

A

muscle of mastication problem

otologic problem

mandibular trigeminal supplies jaw muscle and tensor tympani

36
Q

What are the 3 ways urination is controlled

A

Sacral MIcturition center- S2-S4- bladder contraction

Pontine Micturition center- coordinates voluntary voiding

Cerebral cortex- can inhibit micturition center

37
Q

What cell type is involved in CSF absorbtion

A

Arachnoid granules

38
Q

Microscopy of creutzfeldt Jakob

A

multiple vacolues b/t neurons
Abnoral prion protein
rapid dementia and jerks

39
Q

How does topical capsaicin work

A

defunctionalization of affernt pain fibers via ↑ TRPV1 channels, ↑ Ca–> dysfx of nociceptive fibers

  • depletion of substance p
40
Q

Endorphin and dynorphins are

A

endogenous opiod peptides- activate mu

41
Q

How does Cocain work

A

indirect sympathomimetic, inhibits reuptake of norepi, da, and 5ht

42
Q

What is the staining for schwannomas

A

s-100

43
Q

What brain tumor has psammoma bodies

A

Meningiomas

44
Q

What is an optic glioma made of

A

astrocytes with rosenthal fibers

45
Q

This treats refractory schizophrenia

A

clozapine

s/s= agranulocytosis

46
Q

Compare binge eating and bulimia

A

binge eating: binges, but does not restrict/purge

bulimia: binges then restricts

47
Q

According to world, what is the difference b/t anorexia and bulimia

A

Weight
Anorexics are thin
bulimics are normal/overweight

48
Q

What is the only recreational drug you should acs. w/ nystagmus

A

PCP

49
Q

Minors wanting abortion

A

2/3 states require parental consent for abortion

1/3 require parental notification

50
Q

This is the most common cause of calcium kidney stone

A

Idiopathic hypercalciuria

serum is normocalcemia

51
Q

Who will have a positive lepromin skin test

A

tuberculoid leprosy has + skin test due to Cd4 Th1 response

Lepromatous leprosy has a weak th1 response, and - skin test

52
Q

Which of these drugs can cross the BBB

Physostigmine
Neostigmine
Edrophonium

A

Physostigmine Penetrates the BBB

NEostimine does Not

These are all anti-chole-esterase–> ↑ AcH

53
Q

What causes 80% of malignancy hypercalcemia

A

PTHrP –> activates PTH receptor –> excessive bone resorbtion–> ↑ Ca

lots of cancers can do this, very rare to elevate PTH itself in cancer

54
Q

What is a common blood transfusion problem in IgA def

A

if you are IgA def, you will attack IgA in donor blood

55
Q

What is the presentation of hypercalcemia

A 
AMS
muscle weakness
constipation
polyuria/polydipsia
dehydration

UWorld journal (51 decks)

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