Neuro Never Ends Flashcards
Describe the histology/stuff of pilocytic astrocytoma
Cystic tumor of cerebellum Spindle Cells Rosenthal Fibers Granular eosinophilic bodies *Kids
Describe the histology/stuff glioblastoma multiforme
Deep structures
Crosses midline- butterfly
Pleomorphic astrocytes
*Necrosis/ microvasculature
Describe the histology/stuff medulloblastoma
Primitive Neuroectoderm Homer Wright rosettes Small round blue cells *Kids, posterior fossa *Bad prognosis
Describe the histology/stuff ependymoma
4th ventricle
kids
Pseudorosettes
Describe the histology/stuff neuroblastoma
N-Myc
Extra Cranial
Kids
UA
homovanillic acid
and/or
vanillymandelic acid
What is synaptophysin
Neuroendocrine or neuroectoderm cells
Neoplasms of _____ origin stain + for GFAP
Glial origin= GFAP
Astrocytoma
Ependymoma
Oligodroglioma
What are all the DSM 5 features of major depressive disorder
> 2 weeks
Need 5 or more of
*Depressed mood
*Loss of interest
Change in appetite/weight
Sleep problems
Psychomotor retardation/agitation
Low energy
Poor concentration
Worthlessness/ guilt
SI
Crescent shaped bleed
Gradual Onset of s/s
Subdural hematoma
This describes the congenital absence of Gyri
Lissencephaly
Normal CSF content
Younge obese women
↑ ICP
Pseudotumor cerebri
What are the characteristics of cocaine/ “upper” withdrawal
Depression Fatigue Hypersomnia Hyperphagia Vivid Dreams
Hypoplasia/absence of cerebellar vermis
Dandy walker malformation
Cystic dilation of 4th ventricle
non communicating hydrocephalus
Strongest risk for SI
1- previous SI attempt
also, 90% have diagnosable psych illness at time of death by SI
What kind of drug is Thiopental
Barb
↑ Duration of Cl channel / Gaba
Has rapid onset/ rapid recovery (from redistribution) good for induction ANA, usually not maintenance
How many words should a kid say at 2 years old
50-200
Which Cranial Nerves exit at midbrain
3, 4
Which cranial nerves exit at Pons
5-8
Which CN exit at medulla
9, 10, 12
Which CN exits at spine
CN 11
Which CN exits the dorsal brain stem
CN 4 leaves the stem dorsally
Which CN exits directly out of middle of pons
Trigeminal
What is the major problem for patients recovering from subarachnoid hemorrhage
Vasospasm 4- 12 days after bleed is problematic
major cause of morbidity and mortality
How do you treat SAH vasospasm
Ca Channel Blocker - Nimodipine
Which antipsychotics has the most anti-cholinergic effects
Low potency FGAs
What does a tricyclic overdose look like
Anticholinergic
particularly amitriptyline
What characterizes borderline personality
unstable relationships
mood lability
impulsive
SI in context of interpersonal crisis
How does Ketamine work
blocks NMDA receptors
What receptor does PCP work on
NMDA antagonist
Symptoms of temporal arteritis
giant cell vasculitis
HA–> Blindness
Jaw Claudication
Polymyalgia rheumatica
What do you call the inflammation of polymyositis
Endomysial
What do you call the inflammation of Guillain Barre
Endoneural
The _____ is the measure of potency for an inhaled anesthetic
Minimum Alveolar concentration
What is MAC
min alveolar concentration
concentration when ana renders 50% of patients unresponsive
What are the 2 presentations of TMJ and why
muscle of mastication problem
otologic problem
mandibular trigeminal supplies jaw muscle and tensor tympani
What are the 3 ways urination is controlled
Sacral MIcturition center- S2-S4- bladder contraction
Pontine Micturition center- coordinates voluntary voiding
Cerebral cortex- can inhibit micturition center
What cell type is involved in CSF absorbtion
Arachnoid granules
Microscopy of creutzfeldt Jakob
multiple vacolues b/t neurons
Abnoral prion protein
rapid dementia and jerks
How does topical capsaicin work
defunctionalization of affernt pain fibers via ↑ TRPV1 channels, ↑ Ca–> dysfx of nociceptive fibers
- depletion of substance p
Endorphin and dynorphins are
endogenous opiod peptides- activate mu
How does Cocain work
indirect sympathomimetic, inhibits reuptake of norepi, da, and 5ht
What is the staining for schwannomas
s-100
What brain tumor has psammoma bodies
Meningiomas
What is an optic glioma made of
astrocytes with rosenthal fibers
This treats refractory schizophrenia
clozapine
s/s= agranulocytosis
Compare binge eating and bulimia
binge eating: binges, but does not restrict/purge
bulimia: binges then restricts
According to world, what is the difference b/t anorexia and bulimia
Weight
Anorexics are thin
bulimics are normal/overweight
What is the only recreational drug you should acs. w/ nystagmus
PCP
Minors wanting abortion
2/3 states require parental consent for abortion
1/3 require parental notification
This is the most common cause of calcium kidney stone
Idiopathic hypercalciuria
serum is normocalcemia
Who will have a positive lepromin skin test
tuberculoid leprosy has + skin test due to Cd4 Th1 response
Lepromatous leprosy has a weak th1 response, and - skin test
Which of these drugs can cross the BBB
Physostigmine
Neostigmine
Edrophonium
Physostigmine Penetrates the BBB
NEostimine does Not
These are all anti-chole-esterase–> ↑ AcH
What causes 80% of malignancy hypercalcemia
PTHrP –> activates PTH receptor –> excessive bone resorbtion–> ↑ Ca
lots of cancers can do this, very rare to elevate PTH itself in cancer
What is a common blood transfusion problem in IgA def
if you are IgA def, you will attack IgA in donor blood
What is the presentation of hypercalcemia
AMS muscle weakness constipation polyuria/polydipsia dehydration
