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UWorld journal > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

What CSF markers are low in narcolepsy

A

Low levels of hypocretin (orexin)

Orexin promotes wakefulness and inhibits rem in lateral hypothalamus

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2
Q

What do you call being tired all the time that is not explained by a sleep disorder

A

Hypersomance

Do not feel refreshed after a nap

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3
Q

Compare methadone to heroine

A

Methodone has a longer half life

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4
Q

Give an example of stimulus control therapy for insomnia

A

Leave bedroom if but asleep in 20 minutes

Only go to bed when actually tired

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5
Q

What is a scomotoma

A

Any visual field defect surrounded by unimpaired vision

Central- macula lesion

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6
Q

Transcetion of contralateral optic tract would lead to what vision

A

Homonymous hemianposia

Loss of vision in the same side on both eyes

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7
Q

What does the locus ceruleus house

A

Norepinephrine secreting neurons

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8
Q

What does the nucleaus basalis of meynert house

A

Cholenergic neurons

This is damaged in Alzheimer’s

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9
Q

Where are serotonin releasing neurons contained

A

Ralphi nuclei

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10
Q

What is Zellweger syndrome

A

Peroxisomal disease

Infant cannot form mylin

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11
Q

Symptoms of zelwegger

A

Aka no mylin

Hypotonia
Sz
Heptomegally

Death in months

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12
Q

What disease is treated by restricting cholophil

A

Refsum

Defect in peroxisome

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13
Q

Nerve control of eyes

A

SO4 LR6

All others are tree

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14
Q

Double vision when looking down

A

Vertical diplopoa, Eye deviating upward

Trochlear damage

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15
Q

Eye deviates medially, horizontal diplopia

A

Abducens lesion

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16
Q

What kind of drug is a triptan

A

Post snap Serotonin receptor stimulator

Rx for migraine

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17
Q

What kind of action does a tricyclic have

A

Strong anticholenergic

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18
Q

What makes a pupil get smaller

A

Oculomotor nerve

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19
Q

What is the prefered treatment for restless leg syndrome

A

Dopamine agonist

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20
Q

Restless leg syndrome may be asc with this heme finding

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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21
Q

This is the measure of how far along an axon an electrical signal might propogate

A

Length constant

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22
Q

How does mylination affect neuron capcitence

A

Mylein decreases capacitance

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23
Q

Baby with seizures, intellectual disability, and no color in substantia niagra

A

PKU

phenylalanine deficiency

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24
Q

What do all eye nerves travel through

A

Superior orbital fissure

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25
Q

Adding carbidopa to levodopa changes what?

A

Carbidopa increases levidopa getting to the brain

Decreases periferal side effects (NV hypotension)

Increases central side effects (agitation)

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26
Q

How do you treat Wilson’s disease

A

D penicillamine chelation

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27
Q

Symptoms of wilsons

A

AR ATP7B mutation

Copper accumulates in eye liver brain

s/s Parkinsonisn, kayser fleicher rings

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28
Q

Lab findings in wilsons

A

Elevated transaminase

Low serum ceruloplasmin

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29
Q

How does tetrodotoxin work?

A

From puffer fish

Inactivates nerve na channels

No upstroke in action potential

30
Q

PKU patients are likely to be low in what neurotransmitter

A

Serotonin

They need low phenyl diet and BH4 (makes 5ht) as treatment

31
Q

Drug of choice for absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide

Sodium valproate

32
Q

Why is wrong in lych nyne

A

deficiency of the enzyme

hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT)

33
Q

What is an organophosphate

A

A cholenesterase inhibitor

Leads to cholinergic over stimulation

34
Q

Symptoms of organophosphate poisoning

A

Salvation

Tear eyes

Bradycardia

Bronchospasam

35
Q

This urea cycle disorder shows no or little increase in ammonia

A

Arginase deficiency

S/s spacity
Chorea

Rx: low protein

36
Q

This drug will precipitate an opioid with drawl and it is not narcan

A

Buprenorphine
Partial opioid agonist

Acts as an antagonist when I. The presence of other opioids

37
Q

What does a PCA stroke produce (symtoms)

A

Contralateral hemianopia with macular sparing

Thalamus may be involved leading to contralateral parastheisias

Other cortical s/s may be seen

38
Q

What artery helps supply the

optic tract
Lateral geniculate
Hippocampus
Amydiala

A

Anterior choroidal artery

39
Q

Destruction of this leads to hyperphagia

A

Ventromedial

40
Q

Destruction if this leads to anaorexia

A

Lateral nucleaus

41
Q

Destruction leads to hyperthermia

A

Anterior nuc

42
Q

Destruction leads to hypothermia

A

Posterior nuc

43
Q

New acronym to remeber lateral vs Ventromedial destruction

A

Destruction

Lateral makes you lean

Medial makes more

44
Q

EXACTLY how does a benzo work

A

Increases FREQUENCY of cl channel for GABA

45
Q

What do barbs do to nerves

A

Increase duration of cl opening for GABA

46
Q

How does phenytoin work

A

Inhibits high frequency firing of sodium channels

47
Q

What is the edrophonuum test for

A

Myasthenia gravis

48
Q

You know someone has m gravis but still has symtoms

You administer edrophonuim

Why?

A

Edrophonuim (when you already know there is m gravis)

Helps: when patient needs a HIGHER med dose

Does nothing: the patient is in cholinergic crisis, needs LESS meds

49
Q

A craniopharingioma derives from

A

Ranthky pouch - precursor to ant pit

50
Q

What does a craniopharingioma look like

A

Calcified cyst with cholesterol crystals

Usually supper seller

Often in kids

51
Q

Where will an acoustic neuroma arise from (usually)

A

Cerebellopontine angle where 8th nerve comes off of

52
Q

Vitamin b1 deficiency causes

A

Wernicke

53
Q

Symptoms of wernike

A

Damage to mammillary bodies

Horizontal nystagmus

54
Q

What can make wernike way worse

A

Glucose infusion

B1 is cofactor in glucose metabolism, do giving glu with b1 will make you worse

55
Q

What are estazolam and triazolam

A

Benzos

56
Q

What is prolly most common reason for cognitive decline in HIV

A

HIV dementia

Micro glial nodules

57
Q

What is a middle ear cholestoma

A

a collection of SQUAMOUS CELL DEBRIS
form a mass behind membrane

cause a conduction hearing loss

58
Q

Is a cholestoma made from cholesterol

A

NO

Cholestoma is squamous cell debris build up in middle ear

Cholesterol granulaomas can form, but are rare and apear green/black

59
Q

Involuntary movements after chronic use of antipsychotics

lip smaking, chorea

A

Tardive dyskinesia

60
Q

Fever, rigidity, AMS, and autonomic instability after antipsychotics

A

Neuoeptic malgnant syndrome

61
Q

sudden onset sustained mucsle contractions with antipsycotics

A

Extrapyramidal side effect (EPS)

Acute dystonic rxn

62
Q

Subjective restlessness and inablity to sit still with antipsycotics

A

Akathisia

EPS

63
Q

Tremor, ridgidity, bradykinesia, masked face with antipsycotic

A

EPS

Drug induced parkinsons

64
Q

This problem can arise when CSF is not reabsorbed well

A

communicating hydrocephalus

65
Q

This is when csf is not being absorbed well, so reflexively there is less csf made. Intercranial pressure will be normal

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

66
Q

This has a normal ISP, the corticals atrophy, and the ventricles are dilated

A

Hydrocephalus ex vacuo

67
Q

This is a hydrocephulus that is not well understood but happens morewith obesity

A

Pseudotumor cerebri

68
Q

The changes in a neural cell body after an axon is severed is called

A

axonal reaction- changes reflect ↑ protein synth for repair

shows cellular edema, displacd nucleus, and dispersed nissle substance

69
Q

Is Korsakoff syndrome reversible with thiamine

A

NO
The memory problems are forever

However, eye stuff, ataxia, and confusion can be reversed

70
Q

What Da pathway controls prolactin secretion

A

Tuberoinfundibular

diseased in hyperprolactinemia

71
Q

What Da pathway regulates behavior

A

Mesolimbic-mesocortical

diseased in schizophrenia

72
Q

What Da pathway regulates voluntary movement

A

Nigrostriatal

diseased in parkinson’s

UWorld journal (51 decks)

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