Neuro Flashcards by MO ROUTH

What CSF markers are low in narcolepsy

Low levels of hypocretin (orexin)

Orexin promotes wakefulness and inhibits rem in lateral hypothalamus

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What do you call being tired all the time that is not explained by a sleep disorder

Hypersomance

Do not feel refreshed after a nap

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Compare methadone to heroine

Methodone has a longer half life

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Give an example of stimulus control therapy for insomnia

Leave bedroom if but asleep in 20 minutes

Only go to bed when actually tired

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What is a scomotoma

Any visual field defect surrounded by unimpaired vision

Central- macula lesion

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Transcetion of contralateral optic tract would lead to what vision

Homonymous hemianposia

Loss of vision in the same side on both eyes

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What does the locus ceruleus house

Norepinephrine secreting neurons

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What does the nucleaus basalis of meynert house

Cholenergic neurons

This is damaged in Alzheimer’s

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Where are serotonin releasing neurons contained

Ralphi nuclei

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What is Zellweger syndrome

Peroxisomal disease

Infant cannot form mylin

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Symptoms of zelwegger

Aka no mylin

Hypotonia
Sz
Heptomegally

Death in months

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What disease is treated by restricting cholophil

Refsum

Defect in peroxisome

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Nerve control of eyes

SO4 LR6

All others are tree

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Double vision when looking down

Vertical diplopoa, Eye deviating upward

Trochlear damage

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Eye deviates medially, horizontal diplopia

Abducens lesion

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What kind of drug is a triptan

Post snap Serotonin receptor stimulator

Rx for migraine

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What kind of action does a tricyclic have

Strong anticholenergic

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What makes a pupil get smaller

Oculomotor nerve

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What is the prefered treatment for restless leg syndrome

Dopamine agonist

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Restless leg syndrome may be asc with this heme finding

Iron deficiency anemia

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This is the measure of how far along an axon an electrical signal might propogate

Length constant

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How does mylination affect neuron capcitence

Mylein decreases capacitance

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Baby with seizures, intellectual disability, and no color in substantia niagra

PKU

phenylalanine deficiency

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What do all eye nerves travel through

Superior orbital fissure

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Adding carbidopa to levodopa changes what?

Carbidopa increases levidopa getting to the brain Decreases periferal side effects (NV hypotension) Increases central side effects (agitation)

How do you treat Wilson's disease

D penicillamine chelation

Symptoms of wilsons

AR ATP7B mutation Copper accumulates in eye liver brain s/s Parkinsonisn, kayser fleicher rings

Lab findings in wilsons

Elevated transaminase Low serum ceruloplasmin

How does tetrodotoxin work?

From puffer fish Inactivates nerve na channels No upstroke in action potential

PKU patients are likely to be low in what neurotransmitter

Serotonin They need low phenyl diet and BH4 (makes 5ht) as treatment

Drug of choice for absence seizures

Ethosuximide Sodium valproate

Why is wrong in lych nyne

deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT)

What is an organophosphate

A cholenesterase inhibitor Leads to cholinergic over stimulation

Symptoms of organophosphate poisoning

Salvation Tear eyes Bradycardia Bronchospasam

This urea cycle disorder shows no or little increase in ammonia

Arginase deficiency S/s spacity Chorea Rx: low protein

This drug will precipitate an opioid with drawl and it is not narcan

Buprenorphine Partial opioid agonist Acts as an antagonist when I. The presence of other opioids

What does a PCA stroke produce (symtoms)

Contralateral hemianopia with macular sparing Thalamus may be involved leading to contralateral parastheisias Other cortical s/s may be seen

What artery helps supply the optic tract Lateral geniculate Hippocampus Amydiala

Anterior choroidal artery

Destruction of this leads to hyperphagia

Ventromedial

Destruction if this leads to anaorexia

Lateral nucleaus

Destruction leads to hyperthermia

Anterior nuc

Destruction leads to hypothermia

Posterior nuc

New acronym to remeber lateral vs Ventromedial destruction

Destruction Lateral makes you lean Medial makes more

EXACTLY how does a benzo work

Increases FREQUENCY of cl channel for GABA

What do barbs do to nerves

Increase duration of cl opening for GABA

How does phenytoin work

Inhibits high frequency firing of sodium channels

What is the edrophonuum test for

Myasthenia gravis

You know someone has m gravis but still has symtoms You administer edrophonuim Why?

Edrophonuim (when you already know there is m gravis) Helps: when patient needs a HIGHER med dose Does nothing: the patient is in cholinergic crisis, needs LESS meds

A craniopharingioma derives from

Ranthky pouch - precursor to ant pit

What does a craniopharingioma look like

Calcified cyst with cholesterol crystals Usually supper seller Often in kids

Where will an acoustic neuroma arise from (usually)

Cerebellopontine angle where 8th nerve comes off of

Vitamin b1 deficiency causes

Wernicke

Symptoms of wernike

Damage to mammillary bodies Horizontal nystagmus

What can make wernike way worse

Glucose infusion B1 is cofactor in glucose metabolism, do giving glu with b1 will make you worse

What are estazolam and triazolam

Benzos

What is prolly most common reason for cognitive decline in HIV

HIV dementia Micro glial nodules

What is a middle ear cholestoma

a collection of SQUAMOUS CELL DEBRIS form a mass behind membrane cause a conduction hearing loss

Is a cholestoma made from cholesterol

NO Cholestoma is squamous cell debris build up in middle ear Cholesterol granulaomas can form, but are rare and apear green/black

Involuntary movements after chronic use of antipsychotics | lip smaking, chorea

Tardive dyskinesia

Fever, rigidity, AMS, and autonomic instability after antipsychotics

Neuoeptic malgnant syndrome

sudden onset sustained mucsle contractions with antipsycotics

Extrapyramidal side effect (EPS) | Acute dystonic rxn

Subjective restlessness and inablity to sit still with antipsycotics

Akathisia | EPS

Tremor, ridgidity, bradykinesia, masked face with antipsycotic

EPS | Drug induced parkinsons

This problem can arise when CSF is not reabsorbed well

communicating hydrocephalus

This is when csf is not being absorbed well, so reflexively there is less csf made. Intercranial pressure will be normal

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

This has a normal ISP, the corticals atrophy, and the ventricles are dilated

Hydrocephalus ex vacuo

This is a hydrocephulus that is not well understood but happens morewith obesity

Pseudotumor cerebri

The changes in a neural cell body after an axon is severed is called

axonal reaction- changes reflect ↑ protein synth for repair shows cellular edema, displacd nucleus, and dispersed nissle substance

Is Korsakoff syndrome reversible with thiamine

NO The memory problems are forever However, eye stuff, ataxia, and confusion can be reversed

What Da pathway controls prolactin secretion

Tuberoinfundibular diseased in hyperprolactinemia

What Da pathway regulates behavior

Mesolimbic-mesocortical diseased in schizophrenia

What Da pathway regulates voluntary movement

Nigrostriatal diseased in parkinson's