UTS MIDTERM Flashcards
represent asia
Eastern
represents Europe, North and South America, Australia, and
New Zealand
Western
are more likely to talk about their relationships
with people
Easterners
would like to talk about their personal characteristics because they highlight how separate they are from other people and consider themselves unique individuals.
Westerners
man begins to search for clues as to the probable purpose of his
existence and the role he plays in the general order of the
things of the world.
individualistic self
he decides that since he has
only one life to live and that death is inevitable, he should make
the most of this life he was given.
individualistic self
is a philosophy of life emphasizing the priority of the person’s needs over
the group.
individualism
It is a preference for loosely knit social relationships that are caring for
oneself and the family members only and the desire to be autonomous or
independent from each other’s influence.
individualism
the person gives priority to personal goals
individualism
– the idea that individual freedom is
associated with self-interest and self-reliance
Egoistical individualism
– the idea that individual freedom is linked to
human flourishing.
Developmental Individualism
ex. He knows that he is the one who will suffer the most if he wastes his chance to live a life that he and his family can be proud of.
Developmental Individualism
ex. Something that would define him and inspire others that being in the world meant making it better not
only for himself but also for others.
Egoistical individualism
The identity of the individual is lost and does not exist except as a part of the group.
collective self
The family and the society control how the group members should think, act
and generally conduct themselves in society.
collective self
It is observed that strong bonds of unity are formed
and developed in collectivism.
collective self
In an extreme sense, all decisions made are group decisions.
collective self
They are bound by the customs, beliefs and traditions by the group.
collective self
is
sacrificed for the benefit of the group.
individual freedom
which a person can expect their family and other relatives of the social group to look after them in exchange for unquestioned loyalty
collectivism
there is a distinction between personal and group goals.
collectivistic culture,
the parents age must be remembered, both for enjoy and anxiety
Confucius
was the name for which Kong Zhongni of China was known in the West.
Born in the period of the Zhou dynasty in 551 BCE
in the small state of Lu.
He grew up poor even though he descended from a
scholarly family
The Zhou dynasty was characterized by political,
social, and moral disintegration in China
his family made
sure that he received proper education.
Confucius
came to be known
as ‘Master Kong’ and as ‘Great Sage and Teacher’
Confucius
His experiences in politics made him focus on social
reforms. His philosophy came to be known as humanistic social philosophy.
Confucius
of how should properly act according to their relationship with other people, thus, it is also focused on having a harmonious social life.
confucianism
The identity and self-concept of the individual, therefore, is _____ with the identity and status of his/her community or culture, sharing its pride as well as its failures
interwoven
when people accept their place in society
harmony in society
relationship
father/son
ruler/ subject
brother/brother
husband/wife
friend/friend
appropriate virtue
filial piety
loyalty
brotherliness
love and obedience
faithfulness
is seen as the ultimate
purpose of life, but the characteristics of a chun-tzu,
Self-cultivation
a man of virtue or noble
character, is still embedded in his/her
social relationships.
chun-tzu,
The cultivated self in Confucianism is what some scholars call a
“subdued self”
wherein personal needs are repressed (subdued) for the good of
many,
subdued self”
the center of the philosophical
concept of Confucianism
Ren
Li
Xiao
Yi
(propriety)
(filiality)
(rightness)
It can also be understood as human goodness
ren or humanity
It involves feelings and thinking which serve as
the foundation of all human relationships.
ren or humanity
signifies the Chinese culture’s
emphasis on feelings (heart) as the most important instead of the head in human nature
ren
– in order to guide human actions, rules of propriety should
be followed.
Li (propriety)
Such rules involve adherence to the rituals of the community.
Li (propriety)
In connection with the Li, __ stated “ to master oneself and return to propriety is humanity”.
Confucius
Parents should be ___ for the life they have given. Children should show ___ to their parents by exerting efforts to take care of
themselves.
revered, respect
– the virtue of reverence and respect for family.
Xiao (filiality)
is a reflection of the person.
family
– the right way of behaving. It is unconditional and absolute.
Yi (rightness)
ex. Actions must be performed and carried out because they are the right actions
Yi (rightness)
emphasized that actions should be performed because they are right and not for the selfish benefits that they provide.
Confucius
are virtues observed in a person whose humanity is developed, morally
cultivated and aware.
Li, Xiao, and Yi
is a religion and a philosophy from ancient
China that has influenced folk and national belief.
Taoism/daosim
Taoism has been
connected to the philosopher
Lao Tzu,
who around 500 B.C.E. wrote the main bible of Taoists’, the Tao Te Ching.
Lao Tzu,
- It is often associated with the teachings of Laozi (or Lao Tzu), a legendary figure attributed to
the authorship of the foundational Taoist
Tao Te Ching (or Dao De Jing)
night and day, dry,and moist, aggressive and passive; sun and rain
dark and bright in ying yang dyagram
the most important of all toast symbols and represent the movement of heaven or the tao
ying-yang dyagram
represent the fact that in all evil there exist some evil, while in all the good there exist some evil.
small opposing dots
the creator of pakua
fu-hsi
one of the Chinese cultural heroes
pakua
the eight trigrams that constitutes the inner structure of the sixty-four hexagrams of I-Ching. This symbol created by fu-hsi
pakua
one of the yang symbols, represent the power, sage or saint
dragon
one of the world’s largest religions
buddhism
It originated in India in 563–
483 B.C.E. with Siddhartha Gautama, and over the next millennia it spread
across Asia and the rest of the world.
buddhism
was the first person to reach this state of enlightenment and was, and is still today, known as the Buddha.
Siddhartha Gautama
was an Indian prince in the fifth century B.C.E. who,
upon seeing people poor and dying, realized that human life is suffering
Siddhartha Gautama
This idea meant that neither extreme asceticism or extreme
wealth were the path to enlightenment, but rather, a way of life between the
two extremes
Middle Way
the name of
the game and they are more
likely straightforward and
forceful in their communication
as well as decision making
competition
Pilipinolohiya by
Pantayong Pananaw by
Sikolohiyang Pilipino by
Prospero Covar
Zeus Salazar
Virgilio Enriquez
described the Filipino “self” or personality as a “shared identity”, specifically connected to the concept of kapwa (Edman and Kameoka 2000; Pe-Pua and Protacio-Marcelino 2000).
Virgilio Enriquez
which reflect how we relate to others or want to be perceived by our kapwa.
hiya, utang na loob, and pakikisama,
describes the total self or general self
Shavelson
– influenced by the learning process and the individual’s
emotions, behavior, and experiences during the learning process.
Academic self
– shaped by an individual’s social self, emotional self,
and physical self..
Non-academic self
is greatly influenced by parents, colleagues, friends, and
acquaintances, among others.
Social self
is a person’s experiences of joy, anger, fear, anxiety,
and other emotions.
Emotional self
is affected by involvement in sports, exercise, and other
activities that enhance the physical body
Physical self
emphasized the factors that encompass physical self-
esteem, which include sports competence, attractive body, physical power, and physical condition, and how they shape global self-esteem
K.R. Fox (2000)
concept of self and
personality makes the
physical body the core of
human experience.
sigmund freud
He stated that ego is first
and foremost a body ego
sigmund freud
emphasized the
unity of the mind and
body
Wilhelm Reich
according to wilhem reich the __is central to all dynamic psychological
functioning
body
considered experience as
firmly associated with the ground plan
of the body.
Erik Erikson
He stated that organs of the body are
essential during the early developmental stages of a person.
Erik Erikson
The formation and development of
physical and intellectual skills greatly
influence the ability of the individual to
choose his role in the society and be
fulfilled.
Erik Erikson
is directly correlated
to the competence of children
Physical health
He also highlighted the incessant
interplay of the body, psychological
processes, and social forces (Singh
2020)
Erik Erikson
provided the Hierarchy of Needs about our physical bodies.
Abraham Maslow
A well-nourished, loved, respected
individual experiences fulfillment. On
the other hand, deliberate, self-denial,
and rejection of the body’s basic needs
will result in an inactive, crippled
organism.
Abraham Maslow
